Formulation And Test Of Antibacterial Activity Gel Preparations From Extracts And Nanoparticles Ethanol Extract Of Tanoh Pugun Leaf (picria Felt-terrae Lour.) Against Propionibacterium Acne And Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Formulation and Test of Antibacterial Activity Gel Preparations from Extracts and Nanoparticles: Ethanol Extract of Tanoh Leaf (Picria Felt-Terra Lour.) Against Propionibacterium Acne and Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Introduction
The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has led to a growing interest in the use of natural resources as an alternative treatment. One such resource is the pugun tanoh leaf (Picria felt-terrae Lour.), which is rich in bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties. The development of nanoparticles technology in the pharmaceutical field has also offered various advantages, including increased solubility, reduced doses, and increased absorption of active substances. This study aims to prepare gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract with variations in concentration, as well as to determine their antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Background
Pugun tanoh leaves are known to contain a range of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. These compounds have been shown to have potential antibacterial properties, making the leaves a promising source of natural ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical products. The use of natural resources as an alternative treatment is increasingly relevant in the midst of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In addition, the development of nanoparticles technology offers various advantages, including increased solubility, reduced doses, and increased absorption of active substances, which can contribute to therapeutic effectiveness.
Research Purposes
The purpose of this study is to prepare gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract with variations in concentration, as well as to determine their antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Research Methods
The study began with testing antibacterial activity from ethanol extract and nanoparticles ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves to determine effective concentrations for gel preparations. Gel is made using a carbopol base 940 with extract concentration variations: for gels from ethanol extract, 5%, 10%, and 15% concentration, while for gels from nanoparticles the extract is used 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations. After making, the gel preparation is tested for stability, including the homogeneity, viscosity, and physical stability for 35 days of storage. In addition, a skin irritation test is also carried out to ensure the safety of the use of gel preparations.
Research Results
The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the gel from the ethanol extract of the pugun tanoh leaf has an effective resistance area against the two types of bacteria. At concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, this gel shows the resistance area of 11.41 mm, 14.05 mm, and 15.00 mm for Propionibacterium acne, and 11.05 mm, 14.08 mm, and 14.96 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Meanwhile, the gel containing extract nanoparticles shows the resistance area of 12.13 mm, 14.10 mm, and 15.08 mm for Propionibacterium acne and 11.65 mm, 14.13 mm, and 15.18 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentration 1%, 2%, and 3%.
Stability testing shows that the resulting gel is homogeneous with viscosity between 40,000 to 60,000 centipoise, and is stable for 35 days of storage without showing signs of irritation of the skin.
Conclusion
From this study, it can be concluded that gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves at a concentration of 10% and 15% show the most effective antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, gels containing nanoparticles of ethanol extracts at a concentration of 2% and 3% also show significant effectiveness. This study opens opportunities for further development of natural extract-based gel preparations that can be an alternative in the treatment of skin infections.
With this study, it is expected to encourage further use of the leaves of pugun tanoh as a source of natural ingredients that have the potential to develop pharmaceutical products, as well as answering the challenges of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics.
Future Directions
This study provides a foundation for further research on the development of natural extract-based gel preparations for the treatment of skin infections. Future studies can investigate the efficacy of gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract in treating skin infections in humans. Additionally, studies can investigate the potential of other natural extracts as antibacterial agents.
Limitations
This study has several limitations. Firstly, the study only investigated the antibacterial activity of gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Future studies can investigate the efficacy of gel preparations against other types of bacteria. Secondly, the study only investigated the stability of gel preparations for 35 days of storage. Future studies can investigate the stability of gel preparations for longer periods of time.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract as antibacterial agents against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The study provides a foundation for further research on the development of natural extract-based gel preparations for the treatment of skin infections.
Q&A: Formulation and Test of Antibacterial Activity Gel Preparations from Extracts and Nanoparticles
Q: What is the purpose of this study?
A: The purpose of this study is to prepare gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract with variations in concentration, as well as to determine their antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using natural extracts as antibacterial agents?
A: Natural extracts have the potential to provide a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional antibiotics. They can also offer a more targeted approach to treating bacterial infections, reducing the risk of side effects and promoting the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Q: What are the advantages of using nanoparticles in gel preparations?
A: Nanoparticles can increase the solubility of active substances, reduce the dose required, and enhance the absorption of active substances, which can contribute to therapeutic effectiveness.
Q: How were the gel preparations made?
A: The gel preparations were made using a carbopol base 940 with extract concentration variations: for gels from ethanol extract, 5%, 10%, and 15% concentration, while for gels from nanoparticles the extract is used 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations.
Q: What were the results of the antibacterial activity test?
A: The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the gel from the ethanol extract of the pugun tanoh leaf has an effective resistance area against the two types of bacteria. At concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, this gel shows the resistance area of 11.41 mm, 14.05 mm, and 15.00 mm for Propionibacterium acne, and 11.05 mm, 14.08 mm, and 14.96 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Meanwhile, the gel containing extract nanoparticles shows the resistance area of 12.13 mm, 14.10 mm, and 15.08 mm for Propionibacterium acne and 11.65 mm, 14.13 mm, and 15.18 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentration 1%, 2%, and 3%.
Q: What were the results of the stability testing?
A: The stability testing showed that the resulting gel is homogeneous with viscosity between 40,000 to 60,000 centipoise, and is stable for 35 days of storage without showing signs of irritation of the skin.
Q: What are the potential applications of this study?
A: This study provides a foundation for further research on the development of natural extract-based gel preparations for the treatment of skin infections. The results of this study can be used to develop new treatments for skin infections, such as acne and eczema.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: This study has several limitations. Firstly, the study only investigated the antibacterial activity of gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Future studies can investigate the efficacy of gel preparations against other types of bacteria. Secondly, the study only investigated the stability of gel preparations for 35 days of storage. Future studies can investigate the stability of gel preparations for longer periods of time.
Q: What are the future directions of this study?
A: This study provides a foundation for further research on the development of natural extract-based gel preparations for the treatment of skin infections. Future studies can investigate the efficacy of gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract in treating skin infections in humans. Additionally, studies can investigate the potential of other natural extracts as antibacterial agents.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract?
A: The potential benefits of using gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract include:
- Providing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional antibiotics
- Offering a more targeted approach to treating bacterial infections, reducing the risk of side effects and promoting the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- Enhancing the solubility of active substances, reducing the dose required, and promoting the absorption of active substances
- Providing a potential treatment for skin infections, such as acne and eczema
Q: What are the potential risks of using gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract?
A: The potential risks of using gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract include:
- Allergic reactions or skin irritation
- Interactions with other medications or health conditions
- Unknown long-term effects of using natural extracts as antibacterial agents
It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using any new treatment, including gel preparations containing ethanol extract of tanoh pugun leaves and nanoparticles of ethanol extract.