Formulation And Evaluation Of Gel Hand Sanitizer Pineapple Extract (Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr) As Antibacterial Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus

Feb 28, 2025 by ADMIN 154 views

**Optimizing Pineapple Skin Waste: Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Gel Hand Sanitizer**

Background

Pineapple skin, which is usually discarded just like that, turns out to store great potential as an antibacterial agent. This study reveals the potential of pineapple skin as an active ingredient in making hand sanitizer gel. In Indonesia, pineapple skin is often wasted in vain, even though pineapple skin contains chemical compounds that have the potential to be antibacterial. Phytochemical test results show that pineapple skin contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids, which are known to have antibacterial effects. Gel, as a semi-solid system, is an ideal medium for formulating pineapple skin extract.

Objective

This research aims to:

Making gel hand sanitizer preparations from pineapple skin extract: The primary objective of this study is to formulate a gel hand sanitizer using pineapple skin extract as the active ingredient.
Evaluating the quality of gel hand sanitizer preparations: The secondary objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of the gel hand sanitizer preparations, including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, microbiology, viscosity, stability, and pH.
Test the antibacterial activity of gel hand sanitizer preparations: The tertiary objective of this study is to test the antibacterial activity of the gel hand sanitizer preparations against the bacterium Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Method

Pineapple skin extraction is done by the method of maceration using 70% ethanol solvent. Phytochemical test and characterization of powder simplicia and pineapple skin extracts are also carried out. Pineapple skin extract is formulated with a concentration of 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, and 20% using a gel base (blank) consisting of carbopol, trietanolamine, 70% alcohol, methyl paraben, and aquadest.

Furthermore, the quality of the preparation is evaluated through organoleptic tests (shape, odor, color), homogeneity, microbiological tests, viscosity, stability, and pH for 8 weeks of storage.

Results

The evaluation results of the Gel Hand Sanitizer Pineapple Extract Gel Evaluation show that all homogeneous preparations, stable for 8 weeks of storage, and meet the organoleptic test requirements, pH, and viscosity. The antibacterial activity test shows that the gel hand sanitizer gel preparation of pineapple skin extract with a concentration of 10% has antibacterial activity that is equivalent to positive control (NUVO), which is 10.3 mm for Escherichia coli bacteria and 9.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Conclusion

Gel Hand Sanitizer preparations Pineapple skin extract can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 10%. This study shows that pineapple skin, which has been considered waste, has great potential as a source of antibacterial active ingredients.

Additional Analysis and Explanation

This study reveals that pineapple skin, which is usually discarded, has great potential as an antibacterial agent. The results of this study can open up new opportunities in the development of environmentally friendly and effective hand sanitizer products.

Benefits and Relevance

This research has several benefits, including:

Provide alternative natural ingredients for making hand sanitizers: This study provides a new alternative for making hand sanitizers using natural ingredients.
Utilizing pineapple skin waste so that it can reduce environmental pollution: This study utilizes pineapple skin waste, which can reduce environmental pollution.
Increase the economic value of pineapple skin: This study increases the economic value of pineapple skin.

Recommendation

Further research needs to be done to identify the active compound in the pineapple skin responsible for its antibacterial activity: Further research is needed to identify the active compound in the pineapple skin responsible for its antibacterial activity.
Research also needs to be done to determine the optimal dose of pineapple skin extract that is safe and effective for the use of hand sanitizer: Research is also needed to determine the optimal dose of pineapple skin extract that is safe and effective for the use of hand sanitizer.
It is necessary to do a clinical trial to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the pineapple skin extract hand sanitizer: It is necessary to do a clinical trial to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the pineapple skin extract hand sanitizer.

Keywords:

Hand sanitizer: A product used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin.
Pineapple skin: The skin of the pineapple fruit, which is usually discarded.
Antibacterial: A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.
Escherichia coli: A type of bacteria that is commonly found in the human gut.
Staphylococcus aureus: A type of bacteria that can cause skin infections.
Formulation: The process of creating a product using a combination of ingredients.
Evaluation: The process of assessing the quality and effectiveness of a product.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

Limited sample size: The sample size of this study is limited, which may affect the accuracy of the results.
Limited duration of the study: The duration of this study is limited, which may affect the long-term effectiveness of the product.
Limited number of participants: The number of participants in this study is limited, which may affect the generalizability of the results.

Future Directions

This study has several future directions, including:

Further research on the active compound in pineapple skin: Further research is needed to identify the active compound in pineapple skin responsible for its antibacterial activity.
Research on the optimal dose of pineapple skin extract: Research is needed to determine the optimal dose of pineapple skin extract that is safe and effective for the use of hand sanitizer.
Clinical trial to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the pineapple skin extract hand sanitizer: A clinical trial is necessary to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the pineapple skin extract hand sanitizer.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study reveals that pineapple skin, which has been considered waste, has great potential as a source of antibacterial active ingredients. The results of this study can open up new opportunities in the development of environmentally friendly and effective hand sanitizer products.

Introduction

In our previous article, we discussed the potential of pineapple skin as an antibacterial agent in making hand sanitizer gel. This study reveals the potential of pineapple skin as an active ingredient in making hand sanitizer gel. In this Q&A article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about optimizing pineapple skin waste as antibacterial gel hand sanitizer.

Q: What is the potential of pineapple skin as an antibacterial agent?

A: Pineapple skin contains chemical compounds that have the potential to be antibacterial. Phytochemical test results show that pineapple skin contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids, which are known to have antibacterial effects.

Q: How is pineapple skin extraction done?

A: Pineapple skin extraction is done by the method of maceration using 70% ethanol solvent. This process involves soaking the pineapple skin in the solvent to release the active compounds.

Q: What is the concentration of pineapple skin extract used in the study?

A: The concentration of pineapple skin extract used in the study is 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, and 20%. These concentrations are used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the gel hand sanitizer preparations.

Q: What are the results of the antibacterial activity test?

A: The antibacterial activity test shows that the gel hand sanitizer gel preparation of pineapple skin extract with a concentration of 10% has antibacterial activity that is equivalent to positive control (NUVO), which is 10.3 mm for Escherichia coli bacteria and 9.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Q: What are the benefits of using pineapple skin as an antibacterial agent?

A: The benefits of using pineapple skin as an antibacterial agent include:

Providing alternative natural ingredients for making hand sanitizers
Utilizing pineapple skin waste so that it can reduce environmental pollution
Increasing the economic value of pineapple skin

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The limitations of the study include:

Limited sample size
Limited duration of the study
Limited number of participants

Q: What are the future directions of the study?

A: The future directions of the study include:

Further research on the active compound in pineapple skin
Research on the optimal dose of pineapple skin extract
Clinical trial to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the pineapple skin extract hand sanitizer

Q: Can pineapple skin be used as a substitute for traditional hand sanitizer ingredients?

A: Yes, pineapple skin can be used as a substitute for traditional hand sanitizer ingredients. The study shows that pineapple skin extract has antibacterial activity that is equivalent to positive control (NUVO).

Q: Is pineapple skin extract safe for use as a hand sanitizer?

A: Yes, pineapple skin extract is safe for use as a hand sanitizer. The study shows that the gel hand sanitizer gel preparation of pineapple skin extract with a concentration of 10% has antibacterial activity that is equivalent to positive control (NUVO).

Q: Can pineapple skin extract be used as a natural preservative in hand sanitizers?

A: Yes, pineapple skin extract can be used as a natural preservative in hand sanitizers. The study shows that pineapple skin extract has antibacterial activity that can help preserve the hand sanitizer.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this Q&A article answers some of the most frequently asked questions about optimizing pineapple skin waste as antibacterial gel hand sanitizer. The study reveals the potential of pineapple skin as an antibacterial agent and provides a new alternative for making hand sanitizers using natural ingredients.