Formulation And Comparison Of Antibacterial Activity Between Nanaoemulsion Preparations Of Ethanol Extract And Black Cumin Oil (Nigella Sativa L.)

Feb 27, 2025 by ADMIN 147 views

**Formulation and Comparison of Antibacterial Activity between Nanoemulsion Preparations of Ethanol Extract and Black Cumin Oil (Nigella sativa L.)**

Introduction

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a plant that has been widely used for its various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective properties, and antibacterial activity. The main compound found in ethanol extract and black cumin oil is Thymoquinone (TQ), which has extensive antibacterial ability. This study aims to formulate and compare antibacterial activity from nanoemulsion gels made from ethanol extract and black cumin oil.

Materials and Methods

In the research process, the black cumin simplicia powder is first characterized, then cooked using 80% ethanol. The resulting extract is then evaporated using a rotary evaporator. Furthermore, ethanol extract and black cumin oil were tested for antibacterial activity of several bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acne, using the diffusion method and dilution. After testing, the nanoemulsion gel preparation is formulated from ethanol extract and black cumin oil. Further tests are carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of the nanoemulsion gel through the well diffusion method and irritation test to ensure the safety of use.

Characterization of Black Cumin Simplicia Powder

The characterization of black cumin simplicia powder showed a moisture content of 2.65%, water soluble juice levels 24.90%, ethanol soluble juice levels 21.46%, total ash content of 1.85%, and non-acid-soluble ash content 0, 28%. These results indicate that the black cumin simplicia powder has a high water content and a moderate level of ethanol soluble juice.

Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Gel Preparations

Evaluation of this preparation includes various parameters, such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, emulsion type, particle size, and centrifuge tests and cycling tests to assess physical stability of the preparation. The results of the characterization of black cumin simplicia powder showed a moisture content of 2.65%, water soluble juice levels 24.90%, ethanol soluble juice levels 21.46%, total ash content of 1.85%, and non-acid-soluble ash content 0, 28%. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test shows the value for ethanol extract and black cumin oil ranges from 6.0-19.31 mm and 6.93-29.20 mm, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value ranges from 1-3%.

Physical Stability of Nanoemulsion Gel Preparations

Nanoemulsion gel preparations from ethanol extract and black cumin oil show stability for 12 weeks of storage, with evaluation results showing homogeneity, Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type, pH in the range of 5.1-6.2, viscosity between 2850-4850 MPA.S, and particle size between 39,28-419.78 Nm. The centrifugation test and cycling test show that this preparation remains physically stable, with the mic value obtained ranges from 6.43-14.43 mm, and does not cause irritation to the skin.

Antibacterial Activity of Nanoemulsion Gel Preparations

The results of the antibacterial activity test show that both ethanol extract and black cumin oil had significant antibacterial activity. Interestingly, nanoemulsion gels from black cumin oil show higher effectiveness compared to nanoemulsion gel preparations from ethanol extract. This finding opens opportunities for the development of black cumin oil-based preparations in the health sector, especially as an alternative to more effective antibacterial therapy.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has successfully formulated and compared antibacterial activity between nanoemulsion preparations of ethanol extract and black cumin oil. The results show that both ethanol extract and black cumin oil have significant antibacterial activity, with nanoemulsion gels from black cumin oil showing higher effectiveness. This finding has significant implications for the development of black cumin oil-based preparations in the health sector.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Further studies should be conducted to investigate the mechanism of action of black cumin oil and its components in antibacterial activity.
The development of black cumin oil-based preparations should be explored as an alternative to more effective antibacterial therapy.
The physical stability of nanoemulsion gel preparations should be further investigated to ensure their long-term stability and effectiveness.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The study was conducted in a laboratory setting and may not reflect real-world conditions.
The sample size was limited, and further studies should be conducted to confirm the results.
The study only investigated the antibacterial activity of black cumin oil and its components, and further studies should be conducted to investigate its other pharmacological effects.

Future Directions

Future studies should focus on:

Investigating the mechanism of action of black cumin oil and its components in antibacterial activity.
Developing black cumin oil-based preparations as an alternative to more effective antibacterial therapy.
Investigating the physical stability of nanoemulsion gel preparations to ensure their long-term stability and effectiveness.

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the main compound found in ethanol extract and black cumin oil?

A: The main compound found in ethanol extract and black cumin oil is Thymoquinone (TQ), which has extensive antibacterial ability.

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to formulate and compare antibacterial activity from nanoemulsion gels made from ethanol extract and black cumin oil.

Q: What are the parameters used to evaluate the nanoemulsion gel preparations?

A: The parameters used to evaluate the nanoemulsion gel preparations include organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, emulsion type, particle size, and centrifuge tests and cycling tests to assess physical stability of the preparation.

Q: What are the results of the characterization of black cumin simplicia powder?

A: The characterization of black cumin simplicia powder showed a moisture content of 2.65%, water soluble juice levels 24.90%, ethanol soluble juice levels 21.46%, total ash content of 1.85%, and non-acid-soluble ash content 0, 28%.

Q: What are the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for ethanol extract and black cumin oil?

A: The MIC test shows the value for ethanol extract and black cumin oil ranges from 6.0-19.31 mm and 6.93-29.20 mm, while the MBC value ranges from 1-3%.

Q: What are the results of the physical stability test of nanoemulsion gel preparations?

A: Nanoemulsion gel preparations from ethanol extract and black cumin oil show stability for 12 weeks of storage, with evaluation results showing homogeneity, Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type, pH in the range of 5.1-6.2, viscosity between 2850-4850 MPA.S, and particle size between 39,28-419.78 Nm.

Q: What are the results of the antibacterial activity test of nanoemulsion gel preparations?

A: The results of the antibacterial activity test show that both ethanol extract and black cumin oil had significant antibacterial activity, with nanoemulsion gels from black cumin oil showing higher effectiveness.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: This study has significant implications for the development of black cumin oil-based preparations in the health sector, especially as an alternative to more effective antibacterial therapy.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including the study was conducted in a laboratory setting and may not reflect real-world conditions, the sample size was limited, and further studies should be conducted to confirm the results.

Q: What are the future directions of this study?

A: Future studies should focus on investigating the mechanism of action of black cumin oil and its components in antibacterial activity, developing black cumin oil-based preparations as an alternative to more effective antibacterial therapy, and investigating the physical stability of nanoemulsion gel preparations to ensure their long-term stability and effectiveness.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The potential applications of this study include the development of black cumin oil-based preparations for the treatment of bacterial infections, the development of nanoemulsion gel preparations for the delivery of antibacterial agents, and the investigation of the mechanism of action of black cumin oil and its components in antibacterial activity.

Q: What are the potential benefits of this study?

A: The potential benefits of this study include the development of more effective antibacterial therapies, the reduction of antibiotic resistance, and the improvement of public health.

Q: What are the potential risks of this study?

A: The potential risks of this study include the potential for adverse effects of black cumin oil and its components, the potential for interactions with other medications, and the potential for allergic reactions.

Q: What are the potential future research directions?

A: The potential future research directions include the investigation of the mechanism of action of black cumin oil and its components in antibacterial activity, the development of black cumin oil-based preparations for the treatment of other diseases, and the investigation of the physical stability of nanoemulsion gel preparations to ensure their long-term stability and effectiveness.