Find $f^{\prime \prime}(x)$.Given: $f(x)=\left(x^2+4\right)^8$

Introduction

In calculus, the second derivative of a function is a measure of how the rate of change of the function's first derivative changes with respect to the input variable. In this article, we will explore how to find the second derivative of a composite function using the chain rule and the power rule. We will use the given function $f(x)=\left(x^2+4\right)8$ as an example to demonstrate the process.

The Chain Rule

The chain rule is a fundamental concept in calculus that allows us to differentiate composite functions. A composite function is a function that is defined in terms of another function. In this case, the function $f(x)=\left(x^2+4\right)8$ is a composite function, where the inner function is $g(x)=x^2+4$ and the outer function is $h(x)=x^8$.

The chain rule states that if we have a composite function $f(x)=g(h(x))$, then the derivative of $f(x)$ with respect to $x$ is given by:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

Finding the First Derivative

Using the chain rule, we can find the first derivative of the given function $f(x)=\left(x^2+4\right)8$.

Let $g(x)=x^2+4$ and $h(x)=x^8$. Then, we have:

$$f(x)=g(h(x))$$

Using the chain rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

Now, we need to find the derivatives of $g(x)$ and $h(x)$.

The derivative of $g(x)=x^2+4$ is:

$$g^{\prime}(x)=2x$$

The derivative of $h(x)=x^8$ is:

$$h^{\prime}(x)=8x^7$$

Substituting these values into the chain rule formula, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=2(x^2+4)\cdot 8x^7$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=16x^9+128x^7$$

Finding the Second Derivative

Now that we have found the first derivative of the given function, we can use the power rule to find the second derivative.

The power rule states that if we have a function of the form $f(x)=x^n$, then the derivative of $f(x)$ with respect to $x$ is given by:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=nx^{n-1}$$

Using this rule, we can find the second derivative of the given function.

Let $f^{{\prime}(x)=16x}9+128x^7$. Then, we have:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=\frac{d}{dx}(16x^9+128x^7)$$

Using the power rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=16\cdot 9x^8+128\cdot 7x^6$$

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=144x^8+896x^6$$

Conclusion

In this article, we have used the chain rule and the power rule to find the second derivative of a composite function. We have shown that the second derivative of the given function $f(x)=\left(x^2+4\right)8$ is $f^{\prime \prime}(x)=144x^8+896x6$. This result demonstrates the importance of the chain rule and the power rule in calculus, as they allow us to differentiate complex functions and find their derivatives.

Example Problems

1. Find the second derivative of the function $f(x)=\left(x^3+2\right)5$.
2. Find the second derivative of the function $f(x)=\left(x^4-3\right)3$.
3. Find the second derivative of the function $f(x)=\left(x^2+1\right)6$.

Solutions

1. Using the chain rule and the power rule, we can find the second derivative of the function $f(x)=\left(x^3+2\right)5$.

Let $g(x)=x^3+2$ and $h(x)=x^5$. Then, we have:

$$f(x)=g(h(x))$$

Using the chain rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

Now, we need to find the derivatives of $g(x)$ and $h(x)$.

The derivative of $g(x)=x^3+2$ is:

$$g^{\prime}(x)=3x^2$$

The derivative of $h(x)=x^5$ is:

$$h^{\prime}(x)=5x^4$$

Substituting these values into the chain rule formula, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=3(x^3+2)\cdot 5x^4$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=15x^7+60x^4$$

Now, we can use the power rule to find the second derivative.

Let $f^{{\prime}(x)=15x}7+60x^4$. Then, we have:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=\frac{d}{dx}(15x^7+60x^4)$$

Using the power rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=15\cdot 7x^6+60\cdot 4x^3$$

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=105x^6+240x^3$$

2. Using the chain rule and the power rule, we can find the second derivative of the function $f(x)=\left(x^4-3\right)3$.

Let $g(x)=x^4-3$ and $h(x)=x^3$. Then, we have:

$$f(x)=g(h(x))$$

Using the chain rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

Now, we need to find the derivatives of $g(x)$ and $h(x)$.

The derivative of $g(x)=x^4-3$ is:

$$g^{\prime}(x)=4x^3$$

The derivative of $h(x)=x^3$ is:

$$h^{\prime}(x)=3x^2$$

Substituting these values into the chain rule formula, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=4(x^4-3)\cdot 3x^2$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=12x^6-36x^2$$

Now, we can use the power rule to find the second derivative.

Let $f^{{\prime}(x)=12x}6-36x^2$. Then, we have:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=\frac{d}{dx}(12x^6-36x^2)$$

Using the power rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=12\cdot 6x^5-36\cdot 2x$$

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=72x^5-72x$$

3. Using the chain rule and the power rule, we can find the second derivative of the function $f(x)=\left(x^2+1\right)6$.

Let $g(x)=x^2+1$ and $h(x)=x^6$. Then, we have:

$$f(x)=g(h(x))$$

Using the chain rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

Now, we need to find the derivatives of $g(x)$ and $h(x)$.

The derivative of $g(x)=x^2+1$ is:

$$g^{\prime}(x)=2x$$

The derivative of $h(x)=x^6$ is:

$$h^{\prime}(x)=6x^5$$

Substituting these values into the chain rule formula, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=2(x^2+1)\cdot 6x^5$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=12x^7+12x^5$$

Now, we can use the power rule to find the second derivative.

Let $f^{{\prime}(x)=12x}7+12x^5$. Then, we have:

f^{\prime \prime<br/> **Q&A: Finding the Second Derivative of a Composite Function** =========================================================== **Q: What is the chain rule, and how is it used to find the second derivative of a composite function?** --------------------------------------------------------- A: The chain rule is a fundamental concept in calculus that allows us to differentiate composite functions. A composite function is a function that is defined in terms of another function. The chain rule states that if we have a composite function $f(x)=g(h(x))$, then the derivative of $f(x)$ with respect to $x$ is given by: $f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)

To find the second derivative of a composite function, we can use the chain rule to find the first derivative, and then use the power rule to find the second derivative.

Q: How do I apply the chain rule to find the first derivative of a composite function?

A: To apply the chain rule, we need to identify the inner function $g(x)$ and the outer function $h(x)$. We then find the derivatives of $g(x)$ and $h(x)$, and substitute them into the chain rule formula:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

For example, if we have the composite function $f(x)=\left(x^2+4\right)8$, we can identify the inner function $g(x)=x^2+4$ and the outer function $h(x)=x^8$. We then find the derivatives of $g(x)$ and $h(x)$, which are $g^{\prime}(x)=2x$ and $h^{{\prime}(x)=8x}7$, respectively. Substituting these values into the chain rule formula, we get:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=g^{\prime}(h(x))\cdot h^{\prime}(x)$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=2(x^2+4)\cdot 8x^7$$

$$f^{\prime}(x)=16x^9+128x^7$$

Q: How do I apply the power rule to find the second derivative of a composite function?

A: To apply the power rule, we need to find the first derivative of the composite function using the chain rule, and then use the power rule to find the second derivative. The power rule states that if we have a function of the form $f(x)=x^n$, then the derivative of $f(x)$ with respect to $x$ is given by:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=nx^{n-1}$$

For example, if we have the composite function $f(x)=\left(x^2+4\right)8$, we can find the first derivative using the chain rule:

$$f^{\prime}(x)=16x^9+128x^7$$

To find the second derivative, we can use the power rule:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=\frac{d}{dx}(16x^9+128x^7)$$

Using the power rule, we get:

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=16\cdot 9x^8+128\cdot 7x^6$$

$$f^{\prime \prime}(x)=144x^8+896x^6$$

Q: What are some common mistakes to avoid when finding the second derivative of a composite function?

A: Some common mistakes to avoid when finding the second derivative of a composite function include:

• Failing to identify the inner and outer functions correctly
• Failing to find the derivatives of the inner and outer functions correctly
• Failing to substitute the derivatives into the chain rule formula correctly
• Failing to use the power rule correctly to find the second derivative

Q: How can I practice finding the second derivative of a composite function?

A: To practice finding the second derivative of a composite function, you can try the following:

• Start with simple composite functions and work your way up to more complex ones
• Use online resources or calculus textbooks to find examples and practice problems
• Try to find the second derivative of a composite function on your own, and then check your answer with a calculator or a calculus textbook
• Practice finding the second derivative of a composite function with different types of functions, such as polynomial functions, rational functions, and trigonometric functions.

Q: What are some real-world applications of finding the second derivative of a composite function?

A: Finding the second derivative of a composite function has many real-world applications, including:

• Physics: The second derivative of a composite function can be used to model the motion of an object under the influence of a force.
• Engineering: The second derivative of a composite function can be used to design and optimize systems, such as bridges and buildings.
• Economics: The second derivative of a composite function can be used to model the behavior of economic systems and make predictions about future trends.

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed how to find the second derivative of a composite function using the chain rule and the power rule. We have also provided examples and practice problems to help you understand the process. Remember to practice finding the second derivative of a composite function regularly to build your skills and confidence. With practice and patience, you will become proficient in finding the second derivative of a composite function and be able to apply it to real-world problems.