Factors That Affect The Incidence Of Low Birth Weight Babies With Mother Sectio Caesarea (SC) At The Regional General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan In 2017

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Factors that Affect the Incidence of Low Birth Weight Babies with Mother Sectio Caesarea (SC) at the Regional General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan in 2017

Introduction

Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), LBW is defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams, regardless of the gestational age. In Indonesia, the incidence of LBW is a major concern, with a national average of 10.2% in 2016. The Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Pirngadi Medan reported an alarming rate of 30% in 2016, which is significantly higher than the national average. This study aims to identify the factors that influence LBW events among mothers who give birth through the Sectio Caesarea (SC) method.

Background

Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a surgical delivery method where the baby is delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. This method is often used in cases where vaginal delivery is not possible or safe. However, SC delivery is associated with a higher risk of complications, including LBW. The incidence of LBW in SC deliveries is a significant concern, as it can lead to short-term and long-term health problems for the baby.

Methodology

This study used an observational analytic design with a case-control approach. The sample consisted of 160 respondents, divided into two groups: 80 SC maternity mothers with LBW babies (case group) and 80 SC maternity mothers with normal birth weight babies (control group). The samples were taken using Conconse Sampling techniques from medical records during the period May 2016 to 2017. The inclusion criteria were applied to select participants, and data analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches, including Chi-Square statistical tests and multiple logistics regression.

Results

The results of the analysis showed that age, education level, and parity had no significant effect on LBW events. However, there was a significant influence found in birth spacing (p = 0.001; odds ratio 8.57 with a 95% confidence interval of 3.40-21.61) and gestational age (p = 0.001; odds ratio 120.4, 95% CI 14.95-969.12). These findings suggest that birth spacing and gestational age are significant risk factors for LBW events.

Discussion

The results of this study highlight the importance of birth spacing and gestational age in preventing LBW events. Babies born before adequate months (preterm) tend to have lower birth weight than babies born at the right gestational age. This is caused by a lack of time for babies to develop in the uterus, resulting in suboptimal weight gain. Therefore, education to pregnant women about the importance of maintaining health during pregnancy and routine control to the doctor is crucial in preventing premature birth.

In addition, birth spacing arrangements become an important aspect that must be considered. Birth spacing that is too close can interfere with the process of recovery of maternal health and affect the quality of subsequent labor, which in turn can affect the birth weight of the baby. By using effective contraception, such as IUD (Intra Uterine Device), it is expected that mothers can better regulate birth distances so as to support the development of maternal and infant health.

Recommendation

As a recommendation, health workers are expected to promote more intensive health education to mothers who have just given birth, especially regarding the importance of using postpartum contraception. This also includes the regulation of birth distances and the number of children, so that the lactation process is not disturbed and the health of the baby is maintained. This preventive effort is expected to reduce the incidence of LBW and improve the quality of the health of the mother and baby in the future.

Conclusion

Through this research, it is hoped that health service providers can better understand the factors that contribute to LBW events and take appropriate action to handle it. The findings of this study highlight the importance of birth spacing and gestational age in preventing LBW events. By promoting more intensive health education and using effective contraception, it is expected that the incidence of LBW can be reduced, and the quality of the health of the mother and baby can be improved.

Limitation

This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size was relatively small, which may have affected the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, the study only focused on SC deliveries, which may not be representative of all delivery methods. Finally, the study did not control for other potential confounding variables, such as maternal nutrition and socioeconomic status.

Future Research

Future research should aim to replicate this study with a larger sample size and a more diverse population. Additionally, studies should investigate other potential risk factors for LBW events, such as maternal nutrition and socioeconomic status. By understanding the complex factors that contribute to LBW events, health service providers can develop more effective interventions to prevent and manage this condition.

References

  • World Health Organization. (2019). Low birth weight.
  • Regional General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan. (2016). Annual Report.
  • Ministry of Health Indonesia. (2016). National Health Profile.

Appendix

  • Table 1: Demographic characteristics of the sample
  • Table 2: Results of univariate analysis
  • Table 3: Results of bivariate analysis
  • Table 4: Results of multivariate analysis
  • Figure 1: Distribution of birth spacing and gestational age
  • Figure 2: Distribution of LBW events by birth spacing and gestational age
    Q&A: Factors that Affect the Incidence of Low Birth Weight Babies with Mother Sectio Caesarea (SC) at the Regional General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan in 2017

Q: What is low birth weight (LBW) and how is it defined?

A: Low birth weight is defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams, regardless of the gestational age. This is a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries.

Q: What is the national average of LBW in Indonesia?

A: The national average of LBW in Indonesia is 10.2%, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Q: What is the incidence of LBW at the Regional General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan?

A: The incidence of LBW at the Regional General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan is 30%, which is significantly higher than the national average.

Q: What is Sectio Caesarea (SC) and how is it related to LBW?

A: Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a surgical delivery method where the baby is delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. This method is often used in cases where vaginal delivery is not possible or safe. However, SC delivery is associated with a higher risk of complications, including LBW.

Q: What are the risk factors for LBW events?

A: The results of this study highlight the importance of birth spacing and gestational age in preventing LBW events. Babies born before adequate months (preterm) tend to have lower birth weight than babies born at the right gestational age.

Q: What is the significance of birth spacing in preventing LBW events?

A: Birth spacing that is too close can interfere with the process of recovery of maternal health and affect the quality of subsequent labor, which in turn can affect the birth weight of the baby.

Q: What is the role of effective contraception in preventing LBW events?

A: By using effective contraception, such as IUD (Intra Uterine Device), it is expected that mothers can better regulate birth distances so as to support the development of maternal and infant health.

Q: What is the recommendation for health workers in preventing LBW events?

A: Health workers are expected to promote more intensive health education to mothers who have just given birth, especially regarding the importance of using postpartum contraception. This also includes the regulation of birth distances and the number of children, so that the lactation process is not disturbed and the health of the baby is maintained.

Q: What is the limitation of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including a relatively small sample size and a focus on SC deliveries, which may not be representative of all delivery methods.

Q: What is the future research direction?

A: Future research should aim to replicate this study with a larger sample size and a more diverse population. Additionally, studies should investigate other potential risk factors for LBW events, such as maternal nutrition and socioeconomic status.

Q: What is the implication of this study for public health policy?

A: The findings of this study highlight the importance of birth spacing and gestational age in preventing LBW events. By promoting more intensive health education and using effective contraception, it is expected that the incidence of LBW can be reduced, and the quality of the health of the mother and baby can be improved.

Q: What is the recommendation for pregnant women?

A: Pregnant women are advised to maintain good health during pregnancy, including regular prenatal care and a balanced diet. They should also be aware of the importance of birth spacing and gestational age in preventing LBW events.

Q: What is the recommendation for healthcare providers?

A: Healthcare providers are advised to promote more intensive health education to pregnant women, especially regarding the importance of using postpartum contraception and regulating birth distances. They should also be aware of the importance of birth spacing and gestational age in preventing LBW events.