Factors Related To Elderly Hypertension In Posyandu Work Area Of ​​the Bestari Medan Petisah Puskesmas In 2020

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Factors Related to Elderly Hypertension in Posyandu Work Area of ​​the Bestari Medan Petisah Puskesmas in 2020

Hypertension is a global health problem that is increasing along with lifestyle changes, such as smoking, obesity, low physical activity, and psychosocial stress. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000, around 972 million people worldwide or 26.4% of the population experienced hypertension. Projection shows that this figure will increase to 29.2% in 2025. In Indonesia, based on Riskesdas 2013, hypertension ranks second with a prevalence of 9.4%, after joint disease with a prevalence of 11.9%. In the Bestari Medan Petisah Puskesmas area, the survey results in the elderly posyandu showed that hypertension became the second most reported disease, which was 14.3%. Understanding the factors related to hypertension in the elderly is crucial in developing effective prevention and management strategies.

This research is an analytic survey with cross-sectional cut design. The population studied consisted of all elderly who visited the elderly posyandu in the Bestari Puskesmas area, with a total sample of 114 elderly people. Data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires, and secondary data were obtained from recording at the posyandu and the annual report of the Puskesmas. Data analysis was carried out using the Univariate and Bivariate method with the Chi-Square test. From the results of the study, it was found that 53 people (46.5%) of the elderly in Posyandu experienced hypertension. The high prevalence of hypertension in the elderly population highlights the need for targeted interventions.

Analysis of Factors Causing Hypertension in the Elderly

There are several factors that are significantly related to the incidence of hypertension in the elderly, including:

  1. Age Group: Research findings show a significant relationship between the age group of elderly and the prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.010). As we get older, the risk of hypertension also increases. This is caused by natural physiological changes, such as decreased elasticity of blood vessels. Age is a significant risk factor for hypertension, and older adults are more likely to experience hypertension.

  2. Family History: The results of the analysis show that the family history contributes to the incidence of hypertension (p = 0.001). If there are family members who suffer from hypertension, the risk for other family members is also higher. Genetic factors and similar lifestyles are the main causes. Family history plays a significant role in the development of hypertension, and individuals with a family history of hypertension are more likely to experience hypertension.

  3. Obesity Status: This study also found that obesity has a significant relationship with hypertension (p = 0.001). Being overweight causes an increase in blood pressure due to heavier heart workload and resistance to insulin. Obesity is a significant risk factor for hypertension, and weight management is essential in preventing and managing hypertension.

  4. Physical Activity: Physical activity that is less contributing to an increased risk of hypertension (p = 0.001). Regular physical activity can help maintain weight and heart health, thereby reducing the risk of hypertension. Regular physical activity is essential in preventing and managing hypertension, and individuals who engage in regular physical activity are less likely to experience hypertension.

Recommendations for the Elderly

To control blood pressure, the elderly are advised to do a regular blood pressure check. For the elderly with obesity, it is important to maintain ideal body weight through a balanced diet and adequate physical activity. Through a healthy lifestyle, it is expected that hypertension can be prevented or managed properly. Regular blood pressure checks and healthy lifestyle choices are essential in preventing and managing hypertension in the elderly.

The role of health workers is very important in providing counseling and guiding the elderly to conduct routine checks. Sustainable educational and guidance programs will be very helpful in reducing the rate of hypertension among the elderly. Health workers play a crucial role in providing education and guidance on hypertension prevention and management.

By paying attention to various factors related to hypertension, it is hoped that the community can be more alert and take preventive steps to maintain health, especially for the elderly population. Understanding the factors related to hypertension in the elderly is crucial in developing effective prevention and management strategies.

Conclusion

Hypertension is a significant health problem in the elderly population, and understanding the factors related to hypertension is essential in developing effective prevention and management strategies. This study found that age group, family history, obesity status, and physical activity are significant risk factors for hypertension in the elderly. Regular blood pressure checks, healthy lifestyle choices, and education on hypertension prevention and management are essential in preventing and managing hypertension in the elderly.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to better understand the factors related to hypertension in the elderly.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to investigate the relationship between hypertension and other factors, such as diet and stress. Understanding the complex relationships between hypertension and other factors is essential in developing effective prevention and management strategies.

Implications for Practice

The findings of this study have several implications for practice, including the need for regular blood pressure checks and healthy lifestyle choices. Health workers should provide education and guidance on hypertension prevention and management, and individuals should be aware of the risk factors for hypertension and take preventive steps.

References

  • World Health Organization. (2000). Hypertension.
  • Riskesdas. (2013). Riskesdas 2013.
  • This study. (2020). Factors related to elderly hypertension in Posyandu work area of ​​the Bestari Medan Petisah Puskesmas in 2020.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Factors Related to Elderly Hypertension in Posyandu Work Area of ​​the Bestari Medan Petisah Puskesmas in 2020

Q: What is hypertension, and why is it a significant health problem in the elderly population?

A: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is consistently too high. It is a significant health problem in the elderly population because it can lead to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.

Q: What are the risk factors for hypertension in the elderly population?

A: The risk factors for hypertension in the elderly population include age group, family history, obesity status, and physical activity. As people get older, their risk of developing hypertension increases. Individuals with a family history of hypertension are also more likely to experience hypertension. Obesity and physical inactivity are also significant risk factors for hypertension.

Q: What is the role of health workers in preventing and managing hypertension in the elderly population?

A: Health workers play a crucial role in providing education and guidance on hypertension prevention and management. They should provide regular blood pressure checks and healthy lifestyle choices, such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Health workers should also provide counseling and guidance on stress management and smoking cessation.

Q: What are the implications of this study for practice?

A: The findings of this study have several implications for practice, including the need for regular blood pressure checks and healthy lifestyle choices. Health workers should provide education and guidance on hypertension prevention and management, and individuals should be aware of the risk factors for hypertension and take preventive steps.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to better understand the factors related to hypertension in the elderly.

Q: What are the future directions for research on hypertension in the elderly population?

A: Future studies should aim to investigate the relationship between hypertension and other factors, such as diet and stress. Understanding the complex relationships between hypertension and other factors is essential in developing effective prevention and management strategies.

Q: What can individuals do to prevent and manage hypertension in the elderly population?

A: Individuals can take several steps to prevent and manage hypertension, including:

  • Regular blood pressure checks
  • Healthy lifestyle choices, such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity
  • Stress management and smoking cessation
  • Regular health check-ups with a healthcare provider

Q: What is the importance of regular blood pressure checks in the elderly population?

A: Regular blood pressure checks are essential in preventing and managing hypertension in the elderly population. They can help identify individuals who are at risk of developing hypertension and allow for early intervention and treatment.

Q: What is the role of family history in the development of hypertension in the elderly population?

A: Family history plays a significant role in the development of hypertension in the elderly population. Individuals with a family history of hypertension are more likely to experience hypertension due to genetic factors and similar lifestyles.

Q: What is the relationship between obesity and hypertension in the elderly population?

A: Obesity is a significant risk factor for hypertension in the elderly population. Being overweight causes an increase in blood pressure due to heavier heart workload and resistance to insulin.

Q: What is the importance of physical activity in preventing and managing hypertension in the elderly population?

A: Regular physical activity is essential in preventing and managing hypertension in the elderly population. It can help maintain weight and heart health, thereby reducing the risk of hypertension.

Q: What are the implications of this study for policy and practice?

A: The findings of this study have several implications for policy and practice, including the need for regular blood pressure checks and healthy lifestyle choices. Health workers should provide education and guidance on hypertension prevention and management, and individuals should be aware of the risk factors for hypertension and take preventive steps.