Examination Of Nitrate-nitrite Levels In Drinking Water Originating From Parlilitan District, Kab. Humbang Hasundutan With The UV/VIS Spectrophotometry Method
Examination of Nitrate-Nitrite Levels in Drinking Water Originating from Parlilitan District, Kab. Humbang Hasundutan with the UV/VIS Spectrophotometry Method
Introduction
Drinking water quality is a crucial aspect that affects public health. The levels of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water must be ensured not to exceed the maximum limit allowed by applicable regulations. In Parlilitan District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, drinking water consumed by residents comes from several springs that have never been or rarely analyzed by nitrate and nitrite levels. This study aims to identify nitrate and nitrite content in drinking water sourced from springs in the area.
Background
Nitrate and nitrite are common contaminants found in drinking water, which can have adverse effects on human health. Excessive consumption of nitrate and nitrite can lead to various health problems, including blue baby syndrome, cancer, and neurological disorders. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and regulate the levels of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water to ensure public health and safety.
Research Methods
In this study, nitrite levels were determined using the visible light spectrophotometry method using N- (1-naftyl) color ethylendiamine reagent at a maximum wavelength of 540 nm. As for the determination of nitrate levels, it is carried out by reducing nitrate to nitrite using Zn powder in the hydrochloric acid solution. Water samples were taken from four different locations, which are near settlements, far from settlements (mountainous areas), close to rice fields, and far from rice fields. The process of analysis of nitrate and nitrite levels is carried out using the UV/VIS spectrophotometry method to obtain accurate results.
Research Result
The analysis results show nitrite and nitrate levels in various sampling locations as follows:
- Water is far from rice fields: nitrite content (0.1458 ± 0.0038) μg/ml and nitrate levels (0.1502 ± 0.0023) μg/ml.
- Water near rice fields: nitrite content (0.1985 ± 0.0086) μg/ml and nitrate levels (0.2508 ± 0.0036) μg/ml.
- Water near settlements: nitrite content (0.1482 ± 0.0028) μg/ml and nitrate levels (0.1741 ± 0.0048) μg/ml.
- Mountain water: nitrite content (0.1718 ± 0.0038) μg/ml and nitrate levels (0.1841 ± 0.0033) μg/ml.
Based on the results of the study, nitrite levels ranged from 0.1458 to 0.1985 μg/ml, while nitrate levels ranged from 0.1502 to 0.2508 μg/ml. All measurable levels do not exceed the limits stipulated in the Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010, which shows that drinking water in Parlilitan District is still safe for consumption.
Analysis and Conclusion
From the results of this study, it can be concluded that environmental conditions such as sampling locations affect the levels of nitrate and nitrite in water. Water taken close to agricultural land tends to show higher levels of nitrate, which may be caused by the use of fertilizers that can pollute water sources. On the other hand, low nitrite levels indicate that the pollution is not too significant.
It is essential to carry out periodic monitoring of drinking water quality, especially in areas that are potentially affected by agricultural activities. This aims to maintain public health and ensure that the water consumed still meets the established health standards. Further research is needed to evaluate the factors that influence changes in nitrate and nitrite levels in the long run, as well as to develop a sustainable water resource management strategy in this region.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:
- Regular monitoring of drinking water quality: Regular monitoring of drinking water quality is essential to ensure that the water consumed meets the established health standards.
- Development of sustainable water resource management strategy: A sustainable water resource management strategy should be developed to manage water resources effectively and minimize the impact of agricultural activities on water quality.
- Education and awareness: Education and awareness programs should be implemented to inform the public about the importance of drinking water quality and the potential risks associated with excessive consumption of nitrate and nitrite.
- Research and development: Further research is needed to evaluate the factors that influence changes in nitrate and nitrite levels in the long run and to develop new technologies and methods for monitoring and managing drinking water quality.
Limitations of the Study
This study has several limitations, including:
- Limited sampling locations: The study only sampled water from four different locations, which may not be representative of the entire region.
- Limited analysis: The study only analyzed nitrite and nitrate levels, which may not be comprehensive enough to assess the overall quality of drinking water.
- Limited duration: The study was conducted over a short period, which may not be sufficient to capture long-term trends and changes in nitrate and nitrite levels.
Future Research Directions
Future research should focus on:
- Long-term monitoring: Long-term monitoring of drinking water quality is essential to capture trends and changes in nitrate and nitrite levels.
- Comprehensive analysis: Comprehensive analysis of drinking water quality, including other parameters such as pH, turbidity, and bacterial contamination, is necessary to assess the overall quality of drinking water.
- Development of new technologies: Development of new technologies and methods for monitoring and managing drinking water quality is essential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of water quality monitoring.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the importance of monitoring and regulating nitrate and nitrite levels in drinking water to ensure public health and safety. The results of this study have shown that environmental conditions such as sampling locations affect the levels of nitrate and nitrite in water. Regular monitoring of drinking water quality, development of sustainable water resource management strategy, education and awareness, and research and development are essential to maintain public health and ensure that the water consumed still meets the established health standards.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Nitrate and Nitrite Levels in Drinking Water
Q: What are nitrate and nitrite?
A: Nitrate and nitrite are common contaminants found in drinking water, which can have adverse effects on human health. Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound found in soil, water, and air, while nitrite is a byproduct of the breakdown of nitrate in the body.
Q: What are the health effects of excessive nitrate and nitrite consumption?
A: Excessive consumption of nitrate and nitrite can lead to various health problems, including blue baby syndrome, cancer, and neurological disorders. Blue baby syndrome is a condition where the blood is unable to carry oxygen to the body's tissues, leading to a bluish discoloration of the skin.
Q: How do nitrate and nitrite levels affect drinking water quality?
A: Nitrate and nitrite levels can affect drinking water quality by increasing the risk of health problems. Excessive levels of nitrate and nitrite can also affect the taste, odor, and color of drinking water.
Q: What are the sources of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water?
A: The sources of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water include:
- Agricultural activities, such as the use of fertilizers and manure
- Industrial activities, such as the production of nitric acid and other chemicals
- Natural sources, such as soil and rocks
- Human waste, such as sewage and septic systems
Q: How can I reduce my exposure to nitrate and nitrite in drinking water?
A: To reduce your exposure to nitrate and nitrite in drinking water, you can:
- Use a water filter that is certified to remove nitrate and nitrite
- Boil your water before consumption
- Use bottled water that is certified to be nitrate-free
- Avoid consuming water from sources that are known to have high levels of nitrate and nitrite
Q: What are the regulations regarding nitrate and nitrite levels in drinking water?
A: The regulations regarding nitrate and nitrite levels in drinking water vary depending on the country and region. In the United States, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets a maximum allowable level of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for nitrate in drinking water.
Q: How can I test my drinking water for nitrate and nitrite levels?
A: You can test your drinking water for nitrate and nitrite levels using a water testing kit or by sending a sample to a certified laboratory. It is recommended to test your drinking water regularly to ensure that it meets the established health standards.
Q: What are the long-term effects of excessive nitrate and nitrite consumption?
A: The long-term effects of excessive nitrate and nitrite consumption are not well understood and may include an increased risk of cancer, neurological disorders, and other health problems.
Q: Can I get nitrate and nitrite poisoning from drinking water?
A: Yes, it is possible to get nitrate and nitrite poisoning from drinking water that contains high levels of these contaminants. Symptoms of nitrate and nitrite poisoning include blue baby syndrome, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Q: How can I prevent nitrate and nitrite poisoning from drinking water?
A: To prevent nitrate and nitrite poisoning from drinking water, you can:
- Use a water filter that is certified to remove nitrate and nitrite
- Boil your water before consumption
- Use bottled water that is certified to be nitrate-free
- Avoid consuming water from sources that are known to have high levels of nitrate and nitrite
Q: What are the economic and social impacts of nitrate and nitrite contamination in drinking water?
A: The economic and social impacts of nitrate and nitrite contamination in drinking water can be significant, including:
- Increased healthcare costs due to the treatment of nitrate and nitrite-related health problems
- Economic losses due to the closure of businesses and industries that rely on safe drinking water
- Social impacts, such as decreased quality of life and increased stress, due to the uncertainty and risk associated with nitrate and nitrite contamination.
Q: How can I get involved in the effort to reduce nitrate and nitrite contamination in drinking water?
A: You can get involved in the effort to reduce nitrate and nitrite contamination in drinking water by:
- Supporting organizations that work to improve drinking water quality
- Participating in community-based initiatives to reduce nitrate and nitrite contamination
- Advocating for policies and regulations that protect drinking water quality
- Educating yourself and others about the risks and consequences of nitrate and nitrite contamination.