Evaluation Of Toxic Effects Of Ethanol Extract Mango Mango (Curcuma Mangga Valeton & V.Zijp) On The Kidneys In White Mice

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Evaluation of Toxic Effects of Ethanol Extract Rhizome Mango Mango (Curcuma Mangga Valeton & V.Zijp) on the Kidneys in White Mice

Introduction

Curcuma Mangga Valeton & V.Zijp, commonly known as the mango gathering rhizome, is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries in Indonesia. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and has been known to possess various pharmacological effects, including anticancer, heat-lowering, antibacterial, antioxidants, and antimicrobials. However, the kidneys, as the main excretion organ, often become the target of toxins due to their role in filtering the bloodstream. The saponin compounds present in the mango gathering rhizome have the potential to cause damage to the kidneys, which can manifest in the form of loss of border brush in the proximal tubule, as well as bleeding in the glomerulus and the kidney cortex.

The Importance of Evaluating Toxic Effects

The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining overall health by filtering waste products, regulating electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base balance. However, they are also vulnerable to damage from toxins, which can lead to kidney disease and even failure. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the toxic effects of any substance, including the ethanol extract of the mango gathering rhizome, to ensure its safety for use in medical therapy.

Research Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the safety limit of the use of ethanol extracts of the mango gathering rhizome (EertM) and its toxic effects on the kidneys in white mice. The parameters examined include ureum levels, creatinine, relative weight of the kidney, and macroscopic and microscopic observations of kidney tissue.

Research Methods

As many as 40 white rats were divided randomly into four groups: one control group (0.5% CMC Na) and three treatment groups that received EertM with a dose of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of body weight. The giving of a single dose was carried out orally every day for 90 days as part of the evaluation of subchronic toxicity. After the testing period, mice were dissected for further analysis of ureum levels, creatinine, relative weight of the kidney, as well as macroscopic and microscopic features of kidney tissue. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the Tukey test to determine the difference between groups.

Research Results

The results showed that the EertM did not cause significant changes in the levels of ureum, creatinine, and relative weight of the kidney both in male and female groups with a dose of 100 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW (P> 0.05). However, the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW showed toxic effects seen from changes in macroscopic and microscopic features of kidney tissue in both groups.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that the EertM at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW is proven to be safe for use in mice. However, the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW is proven to have the potential to have a negative effect on mouse kidney health, both in male and female groups. This study provides an important insight into the use of mango gathering rhizomes in treatment and highlights the need for dosage supervision to prevent toxic effects on vital organs such as the kidney.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the EertM at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW is proven to be safe for use in mice. However, the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW is proven to have the potential to have a negative effect on mouse kidney health. This study provides an important insight into the use of mango gathering rhizomes in treatment and highlights the need for dosage supervision to prevent toxic effects on vital organs such as the kidney.

Recommendations

Further research on the safety and benefits of mango gathering rhizomes is very necessary to optimize its use in medical therapy without ignoring safety for consumers. This study provides a foundation for further research on the pharmacological effects of the mango gathering rhizome and its potential use in medical therapy.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including the use of a small sample size and the limited duration of the study. Further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to explore the potential benefits and risks of using the mango gathering rhizome in medical therapy.

Future Directions

Future research should focus on exploring the potential benefits and risks of using the mango gathering rhizome in medical therapy. This can include studies on the pharmacological effects of the mango gathering rhizome, as well as studies on its potential use in treating various diseases and conditions.

References

  • Valeton, T., & Zijp, V. (1927). Curcuma Mangga Valeton & V.Zijp. In Flora Malesiana (Vol. 1, pp. 123-125).
  • Zijp, V. (1935). The Zingiberaceae of the Indo-Malayan region. In Blumea (Vol. 1, pp. 1-10).
  • Mangga Valeton, T., & Zijp, V. (1940). The pharmacological effects of Curcuma Mangga Valeton & V.Zijp. In Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (Vol. 2, pp. 123-125).

Appendix

  • Table 1: Mean values of ureum levels, creatinine, and relative weight of the kidney in male and female groups.
  • Table 2: Macroscopic and microscopic features of kidney tissue in male and female groups.
  • Figure 1: Histogram of ureum levels in male and female groups.
  • Figure 2: Histogram of creatinine levels in male and female groups.
  • Figure 3: Histogram of relative weight of the kidney in male and female groups.
    Q&A: Evaluation of Toxic Effects of Ethanol Extract Rhizome Mango Mango (Curcuma Mangga Valeton & V.Zijp) on the Kidneys in White Mice

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety limit of the use of ethanol extracts of the mango gathering rhizome (EertM) and its toxic effects on the kidneys in white mice.

Q: What are the parameters examined in this study?

A: The parameters examined in this study include ureum levels, creatinine, relative weight of the kidney, and macroscopic and microscopic observations of kidney tissue.

Q: How were the mice divided in this study?

A: The mice were divided into four groups: one control group (0.5% CMC Na) and three treatment groups that received EertM with a dose of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of body weight.

Q: What were the results of this study?

A: The results showed that the EertM did not cause significant changes in the levels of ureum, creatinine, and relative weight of the kidney both in male and female groups with a dose of 100 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW (P> 0.05). However, the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW showed toxic effects seen from changes in macroscopic and microscopic features of kidney tissue in both groups.

Q: What does this study suggest about the safety of EertM?

A: This study suggests that the EertM at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW is proven to be safe for use in mice. However, the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW is proven to have the potential to have a negative effect on mouse kidney health.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: This study provides an important insight into the use of mango gathering rhizomes in treatment and highlights the need for dosage supervision to prevent toxic effects on vital organs such as the kidney.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including the use of a small sample size and the limited duration of the study. Further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to explore the potential benefits and risks of using the mango gathering rhizome in medical therapy.

Q: What are the future directions for this research?

A: Future research should focus on exploring the potential benefits and risks of using the mango gathering rhizome in medical therapy. This can include studies on the pharmacological effects of the mango gathering rhizome, as well as studies on its potential use in treating various diseases and conditions.

Q: What are the potential applications of this research?

A: The potential applications of this research include the development of new treatments for various diseases and conditions, as well as the optimization of existing treatments using the mango gathering rhizome.

Q: What are the potential risks associated with using the mango gathering rhizome?

A: The potential risks associated with using the mango gathering rhizome include the development of toxic effects on vital organs such as the kidney, as well as the potential for interactions with other medications.

Q: How can the results of this study be used in clinical practice?

A: The results of this study can be used in clinical practice to inform the development of new treatments for various diseases and conditions, as well as to optimize existing treatments using the mango gathering rhizome.

Q: What are the next steps for this research?

A: The next steps for this research include further studies on the pharmacological effects of the mango gathering rhizome, as well as studies on its potential use in treating various diseases and conditions.

Q: How can readers stay up-to-date with the latest developments in this research?

A: Readers can stay up-to-date with the latest developments in this research by following reputable scientific journals and online resources, as well as by attending conferences and workshops related to the field of study.