Effect Of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) Score On Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) Score In Lower Back Pain Patients At The Adam Malik Medan Hajj Hospital Neurology Inpatient Installation

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Effect of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) Score on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) Score in Lower Back Pain Patients at the Adam Malik Medan Hajj Hospital Neurology Inpatient Installation

Discussion Category: Master Theses (Clinical Medicine), Education, Journal, Thesis, University, Student, Campus

Introduction Lower back pain (NPB) is a serious and prevalent health problem worldwide, including in Indonesia. The incidence of NPB in Indonesia is not yet known, but studies from developing countries show that around 15% to 20% of the population experiences this condition, both in acute and chronic form. NPB not only has a physical effect but can also have an impact on the patient's mental health, especially in the form of depression. Therefore, this study aims to explore how the intensity of pain measured by Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) is related to the level of depression measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).

Background Lower back pain (NPB) is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide, causing significant distress and impairment in daily life. The prevalence of NPB in Indonesia is not yet known, but studies from developing countries show that around 15% to 20% of the population experiences this condition, both in acute and chronic form. NPB is a complex condition that involves not only physical symptoms but also psychological and social factors. The physical symptoms of NPB can include pain, stiffness, and limited mobility, while the psychological symptoms can include anxiety, depression, and stress.

The Importance of Pain Management Pain management is a critical aspect of NPB treatment. Effective pain management can improve the quality of life of patients, reduce the risk of chronic pain, and prevent the development of depression and anxiety. However, pain management is often inadequate, leading to suboptimal outcomes for patients. The Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) is a widely used tool for assessing pain intensity, while the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is a widely used tool for assessing depression. This study aims to explore the relationship between VAS scores and BDI-II scores in patients with lower back pain.

Research Purposes This study aims to identify the effect of VAS scores on BDI-II scores in NPB patients in the Neurological Outpatient Installation of Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The results of this study are expected to provide new insights about the relationship between physical pain and psychological conditions, and become a reference in handling more comprehensive NPB patients.

Methodology This study uses correlative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. Conducted at the outpatient installation of the Department of Neurology in FK-USU/Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan, where NPB patients who meet the criteria are invited to participate. All participants undergo a vase examination to assess the level of pain and BDI-II to assess the level of depression. The total participants involved in this study were 78 people.

Results From the analysis conducted, the average age of the research subject was 51.45 years (± 11.83 years), with the majority of female patients and had the last level of high school education. The average length of pain is 46.69 weeks (± 82.97 weeks). The average score of BDI-II is 13.79 (± 11.81), indicating the presence of symptoms of depression in some patients.

Furthermore, the results showed that there was a significant correlation between VAS and BDI-II scores, with the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.36 and the value of P = 0.01. This indicates that the higher the vase score (which shows a higher level of pain), the higher the BDI-II score (which shows a higher level of depression) in patients.

Conclusion This study concluded that there was a significant relationship between VAS scores and BDI-II scores in patients who experience lower back pain in the Neurological Outpatient Installation of Adam Malik Hospital Medan. This emphasizes the importance of good pain management not only for physical health, but also the mental health of patients. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism that underlies this relationship and the potential for interventions that can be done to improve the quality of life of NPB patients.

Implications The findings of this study have several implications for clinical practice and research. Firstly, the study highlights the importance of considering the psychological impact of pain on patients with lower back pain. Secondly, the study suggests that effective pain management is critical not only for physical health but also for mental health. Finally, the study emphasizes the need for further research to explore the relationship between physical pain and psychological conditions.

Limitations This study has several limitations. Firstly, the study was conducted in a single hospital setting, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, the study used a cross-sectional design, which may not capture the dynamic relationship between VAS scores and BDI-II scores. Finally, the study did not control for potential confounding variables, which may have affected the results.

Future Directions This study provides several directions for future research. Firstly, further studies are needed to explore the mechanism that underlies the relationship between VAS scores and BDI-II scores. Secondly, studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions that can be done to improve the quality of life of NPB patients. Finally, studies are needed to explore the relationship between physical pain and psychological conditions in different populations.

References

  • [1] Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • [2] Huskisson, E. C. (1974). Measurement of pain. Lancet, 2(7882), 1127-1131.
  • [3] Katz, J. (2002). Pain: An interdisciplinary sourcebook. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • [4] McGill, S. M. (2007). Low back disorders: Evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • [5] Turk, D. C., & Melzack, R. (2010). Handbook of pain assessment. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    Q&A: Effect of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) Score on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) Score in Lower Back Pain Patients

Q: What is the purpose of this study? A: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) scores and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores in patients with lower back pain.

Q: What is the significance of this study? A: This study is significant because it highlights the importance of considering the psychological impact of pain on patients with lower back pain. It also emphasizes the need for effective pain management not only for physical health but also for mental health.

Q: What is the Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) score? A: The Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) score is a widely used tool for assessing pain intensity. It is a 10-cm line with two endpoints, one labeled "no pain" and the other labeled "worst possible pain." Patients are asked to mark a point on the line that corresponds to their current level of pain.

Q: What is the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score? A: The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score is a widely used tool for assessing depression. It is a 21-item self-report questionnaire that asks patients to rate the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms over the past two weeks.

Q: What were the results of this study? A: The results of this study showed a significant correlation between VAS scores and BDI-II scores in patients with lower back pain. This means that patients with higher VAS scores (indicating higher levels of pain) also had higher BDI-II scores (indicating higher levels of depression).

Q: What are the implications of this study? A: The implications of this study are that effective pain management is critical not only for physical health but also for mental health. It also highlights the need for healthcare providers to consider the psychological impact of pain on patients with lower back pain.

Q: What are the limitations of this study? A: The limitations of this study include the use of a cross-sectional design, which may not capture the dynamic relationship between VAS scores and BDI-II scores. Additionally, the study did not control for potential confounding variables, which may have affected the results.

Q: What are the future directions for this research? A: Future directions for this research include further studies to explore the mechanism that underlies the relationship between VAS scores and BDI-II scores. Additionally, studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions that can be done to improve the quality of life of patients with lower back pain.

Q: What are the practical applications of this study? A: The practical applications of this study include the development of more effective pain management strategies that take into account the psychological impact of pain on patients with lower back pain. It also highlights the need for healthcare providers to consider the mental health needs of patients with lower back pain.

Q: What are the potential benefits of this study? A: The potential benefits of this study include improved pain management outcomes for patients with lower back pain, reduced risk of depression and anxiety, and improved quality of life for patients with lower back pain.

Q: What are the potential risks of this study? A: The potential risks of this study include the potential for patients to experience increased levels of pain and depression if they do not receive effective pain management. Additionally, the study may not capture the full range of psychological and social factors that contribute to pain and depression in patients with lower back pain.