Distribution Of Periodontal Disease In Elderly Patients In Dental Poly R.M. Djoelham Binjai 2016-2020

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Distribution of Periodontal Disease in Elderly Patients in Dental Poly R.M. Djoelham Binjai 2016-2020

Understanding Periodontal Disease in the Elderly

Periodontal disease is a common condition that affects the tissue surrounding the teeth, including the gums, cementum, and alveolar bone. This disease can lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation, making it a significant concern for elderly individuals. As people age, their bodies undergo various changes, including degenerative changes in hard and soft tissue in the mouth and bones, which can increase their vulnerability to periodontal disease. In fact, the aging process can cause a range of physical, psychological, and immune system changes that can affect oral health.

The Importance of Oral Health in the Elderly

Oral health is crucial for overall health, particularly in the elderly. Periodontal disease can interfere with the mastication process, leading to malnutrition and a higher risk of systemic inflammation. Dental health problems that are not addressed can worsen the overall health condition of the elderly. Therefore, early detection and appropriate treatment for periodontal disease are essential. This is where the importance of attention to oral health in the elderly cannot be overstated.

Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in the Elderly

This study aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of periodontal disease among the elderly in the dental poly of Dr. R.M. Djoelham Binjai in the 2016-2020 period. The method used was descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional research design. Data was taken from the medical records of patients aged 60 years and over, with a total sample of 36 medical records selected using total sampling techniques based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The results showed that of the 36 patients studied, as many as 14 people (38.9%) experienced gingivitis, while 23 people (61.1%) experienced periodontitis. Gingivitis was more experienced by women (10 people or 27.8%) than men (4 people or 11.1%). Unlike gingivitis, the prevalence of periodontitis did not show the dominance of sex because the percentage of men and women both reached 30.6%.

Distribution of Periodontal Disease by Age Group

When viewed from the age group, in the elderly aged 60-74 years, 12 people (33.3%) experienced gingivitis, and 19 people (52.8%) experienced periodontitis. Meanwhile, in the old elderly group 75-90 years old, the prevalence of gingivitis was only 2 people (5.6%) and periodontitis of 3 people (8.3%). Analysis based on age groups and gender showed that the highest prevalence of gingivitis was found in groups of women aged 60-74 years as many as 8 people (22.2%), while the highest periodontitis prevalence was also found in the same group as many as 10 people (27.7%).

Additional Analysis and Explanation

The distribution pattern of periodontal disease found in this study also shows the gap in dental care between men and women in the elderly group, where women show a higher prevalence for gingivitis. This may be caused by differences in oral care habits or hormonal factors that affect dental health and gums.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide valuable insights for medical personnel and policy makers in designing a more effective dental health intervention program for the elderly, as well as increasing awareness of the importance of good dental care as we get older. Efforts to prevent, educate, and better access to dental health services must be a priority to ensure the elderly can maintain optimal dental health.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Early detection and treatment: Early detection and treatment of periodontal disease are crucial to prevent its progression and reduce the risk of systemic inflammation.
  • Improved oral care habits: Improving oral care habits, such as regular brushing and flossing, can help prevent periodontal disease.
  • Increased awareness: Increasing awareness of the importance of good dental care among the elderly can help promote better oral health.
  • Better access to dental health services: Better access to dental health services, including regular check-ups and cleanings, can help prevent periodontal disease and promote overall health.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on:

  • Longitudinal studies: Conducting longitudinal studies to track the progression of periodontal disease in the elderly.
  • Intervention studies: Conducting intervention studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different dental health interventions in preventing periodontal disease.
  • Cultural and socioeconomic factors: Investigating the impact of cultural and socioeconomic factors on oral health in the elderly.

By addressing these research gaps, we can better understand the distribution of periodontal disease in the elderly and develop more effective strategies to promote good oral health.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Periodontal Disease in the Elderly

Q: What is periodontal disease?

A: Periodontal disease is a common condition that affects the tissue surrounding the teeth, including the gums, cementum, and alveolar bone. This disease can lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation.

Q: What are the symptoms of periodontal disease?

A: The symptoms of periodontal disease include:

  • Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
  • Loose teeth
  • Bad breath
  • Pain or tenderness in the gums
  • Changes in the way teeth fit together when biting or chewing

Q: Who is at risk for periodontal disease?

A: Anyone can develop periodontal disease, but certain factors increase the risk, including:

  • Age: Periodontal disease is more common in older adults.
  • Smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease.
  • Poor oral hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly can lead to periodontal disease.
  • Genetics: Some people may be more prone to periodontal disease due to their genetic makeup.
  • Systemic health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of periodontal disease.

Q: How is periodontal disease diagnosed?

A: Periodontal disease is diagnosed through a combination of:

  • Visual examination: A dentist or hygienist will examine the teeth and gums for signs of periodontal disease.
  • Medical history: A patient's medical history will be reviewed to identify any risk factors.
  • Radiographs: X-rays may be taken to evaluate the extent of the disease.
  • Periodontal probing: A dentist or hygienist will use a periodontal probe to measure the depth of the pockets between the teeth and gums.

Q: What are the treatment options for periodontal disease?

A: The treatment options for periodontal disease include:

  • Scaling and root planing: A dentist or hygienist will remove plaque and tartar from the teeth and smooth the roots to prevent further disease.
  • Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections.
  • Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissue or bone.
  • Maintenance therapy: Regular cleanings and check-ups are necessary to maintain good oral health.

Q: Can periodontal disease be prevented?

A: Yes, periodontal disease can be prevented by:

  • Practicing good oral hygiene: Brushing and flossing regularly can help prevent periodontal disease.
  • Visiting the dentist regularly: Regular check-ups and cleanings can help identify and treat periodontal disease early.
  • Quitting smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease, and quitting can help prevent the disease.
  • Managing systemic health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of periodontal disease. Managing these conditions can help prevent the disease.

Q: What is the prognosis for periodontal disease?

A: The prognosis for periodontal disease depends on the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. In mild cases, treatment may be successful in preventing further disease. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissue or bone. With proper treatment and maintenance, it is possible to manage periodontal disease and prevent further complications.

Q: How can I maintain good oral health as I age?

A: To maintain good oral health as you age, follow these tips:

  • Practice good oral hygiene: Brush and floss regularly to prevent plaque and tartar buildup.
  • Visit the dentist regularly: Regular check-ups and cleanings can help identify and treat oral health problems early.
  • Quit smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for oral health problems, including periodontal disease.
  • Manage systemic health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of oral health problems. Managing these conditions can help prevent oral health problems.
  • Eat a healthy diet: A healthy diet can help support good oral health.

By following these tips and staying informed about periodontal disease, you can help maintain good oral health as you age.