Diagnostic Accuracy Of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration With The Guidance Of Thoracic Ultrasonography In Lung Cancer At The Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration with the Guidance of Thoracic Ultrasonography in Lung Cancer at the Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan
Introduction
Lung cancer is a major public health concern worldwide, accounting for a significant number of cancer-related deaths. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, lung cancer remains a challenging disease to diagnose, especially when the tumor is located near the chest wall. Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (TTNA) with the guidance of thoracic ultrasonography (ultrasound) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for lung cancer. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance in patients suspected of having lung cancer at the Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan.
Background
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, surpassing the mortality rates of breast, intestinal, and prostate cancer. The diagnosis of lung cancer is often challenging, especially when the tumor is located near the chest wall. TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance has been increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer due to its high accuracy and safety profile.
Methodology
This study was conducted at the Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan from February 2015 to February 2016. A total of 46 samples were taken in sequence, with a majority of samples aged 51-60 years (32.6%) and an average age of 54.76 years. The study involved 35 (76.1%) male samples, with the remaining 11 (23.9%) being female. The final diagnosis was obtained from a combination of various diagnostic modalities, including TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Results
The results of the study showed that 33 (71.7%) samples had lung cancer, 12 (26.1%) had a mediastinum tumor, and 1 (2.2%) had a chest wall tumor. On thoracic ultrasound examination, 35 (54.3%) samples indicated solid lesions, 9 (19.6%) showed heterogeneous lesions, and 2 (4.3%) indicated anechoic lesions. The patient's position during TTNA was varied, with 5 samples in the sleeping position to the right or left, 3 samples in the prone position, and 38 samples in the supine position.
Cytology Results
The cytology results showed that 7 (15.2%) samples were classified as C1, 6 (13%) as C2, 1 (2.2%) as C3, 2 (4.3%) as C4, and 30 (65.2%) as C5. Based on the 2x2 table analysis, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance were 87.87%, 91.6%, 77.7%, 91.6%, and 77.7%, respectively.
Safety Profile
It is essential to note that there were no post-action complications, such as pneumothorax or hemoptysis, in this study. This indicates that TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance is a safe procedure.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance is an accurate and safe method for establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer. The high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV obtained in this study indicate that TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance can be relied upon as a diagnostic aid in diagnosing lung cancer.
Benefits of the Article
This article provides valuable information for medical professionals in understanding the superiority of TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance as a diagnostic method for lung cancer. Accurate and safe research results can help in proper clinical decision-making.
Suggestion
Further research is needed with a larger number of samples to confirm the results of this study. Additionally, it is necessary to examine factors that can affect TTNA diagnostic accuracy with thoracic ultrasound guidance, such as the experience of the operator and the type of lesion found.
Limitations
This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the lack of a control group. Future studies should aim to address these limitations and provide more robust evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance.
Future Directions
Future studies should aim to investigate the factors that affect TTNA diagnostic accuracy with thoracic ultrasound guidance, such as the experience of the operator and the type of lesion found. Additionally, studies should aim to compare the diagnostic accuracy of TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance with other diagnostic methods, such as CT scans and MRI.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance is an accurate and safe method for establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer. The high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV obtained in this study indicate that TTNA with thoracic ultrasound guidance can be relied upon as a diagnostic aid in diagnosing lung cancer. Further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to investigate the factors that affect TTNA diagnostic accuracy with thoracic ultrasound guidance.
Q&A: Diagnostic Accuracy of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration with the Guidance of Thoracic Ultrasonography in Lung Cancer
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (TTNA) with thoracic ultrasonography guidance?
A: TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance is a diagnostic procedure that uses a thin needle to collect tissue samples from the lungs, guided by ultrasound imaging. This procedure is used to diagnose lung cancer and other lung conditions.
Q: What are the benefits of TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance?
A: TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure that can help diagnose lung cancer and other lung conditions. It is also a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed quickly and with minimal discomfort.
Q: What are the limitations of TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance?
A: TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance is not suitable for all patients, particularly those with certain medical conditions or those who are unable to undergo the procedure. Additionally, the procedure may not be as accurate as other diagnostic methods, such as CT scans or MRI.
Q: What are the potential complications of TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance?
A: The potential complications of TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance are rare, but may include pneumothorax (collapsed lung), hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and infection.
Q: How is TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance performed?
A: TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance is performed by a trained healthcare professional, typically a radiologist or a pulmonologist. The procedure involves inserting a thin needle into the lung tissue, guided by ultrasound imaging, to collect tissue samples.
Q: What are the results of the study on TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance?
A: The study found that TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance had a high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosing lung cancer. The results of the study indicate that TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance is a reliable diagnostic tool for lung cancer.
Q: What are the future directions for research on TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance?
A: Future research should aim to investigate the factors that affect TTNA diagnostic accuracy with thoracic ultrasonography guidance, such as the experience of the operator and the type of lesion found. Additionally, studies should aim to compare the diagnostic accuracy of TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance with other diagnostic methods, such as CT scans and MRI.
Q: What are the implications of the study on TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance for clinical practice?
A: The study's findings suggest that TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance can be a valuable diagnostic tool for lung cancer. Healthcare professionals should consider using TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance as a diagnostic aid in patients suspected of having lung cancer.
Q: What are the limitations of the study on TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance?
A: The study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the lack of a control group. Future studies should aim to address these limitations and provide more robust evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance.
Conclusion
TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure for lung cancer. The study's findings suggest that TTNA with thoracic ultrasonography guidance can be a valuable diagnostic tool for lung cancer. However, further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to investigate the factors that affect TTNA diagnostic accuracy with thoracic ultrasonography guidance.