Design Of The Digital Land Temperature Observation System Based On Internet Of Things At North Sumatra Climatology Station

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Introduction

Soil temperature is a crucial parameter in understanding the climate and soil ecosystem. It plays a vital role in various aspects of the environment, including agriculture, ecology, and geosciences. Monitoring land temperature is essential for planning and management of natural resources. Unfortunately, the observations of soil temperature carried out by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) are still limited, only carried out at 07:55, 13:55, and 18:55 local time. This makes it difficult for more in-depth soil temperature analysis.

Background of the Study

The importance of soil temperature in various aspects of the environment cannot be overstated. It affects the growth and development of plants, the decomposition of organic matter, and the formation of soil structure. Monitoring soil temperature is essential for understanding the climate and soil ecosystem. However, the current methods of observing soil temperature are limited and do not provide real-time data.

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to design a digital land temperature observation tool that can be accessed through the internet network. This system aims to provide real-time data on soil temperature, which can be accessed by researchers, farmers, and natural resource managers. The specific objectives of this study are:

  • To design a digital land temperature observation system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology
  • To develop a system that can provide real-time data on soil temperature
  • To analyze the effect of solar and rain radiation on soil temperature variability
  • To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the digital land temperature observation system

Methodology

This study uses a combination of hardware and software components to design a digital land temperature observation system. The hardware components include seven DS18B20 sensors mounted at a depth of 0 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm, combined with the ESP8266 module using the Arduino system. The software components include a microcontroller, a sensor interface, and a communication module.

Results and Discussion

The calibration results show that the DS18B20 sensor used in this study produces accurate and consistent temperature measurements, with an average correction ranging from (-0.20) to 0.24. This makes the sensor very suitable for field operations. Field tests show that digital data obtained are accurate and in line (correlated linear) with conventional data. This is indicated by the correlation value reaching 0.7, while the RMSE value ranges from 0.5 to 2.18, and the bias ranges from (-0.69) to 0.08.

Temporal analysis also shows the daily pattern of soil temperature, with a peak occurs during the day and valleys at night and morning. From this result, it can be seen that the soil temperature on the surface layer (0 cm, 2 cm, and 5 cm) shows the highest variability, while the soil temperature in a deeper layer (50 cm and 100 cm) looks more stable. In addition, the analysis of the effect of solar and rain radiation on soil temperature variability is also carried out. The results show that an increase in solar radiation results in an increase in soil temperature, while the rain that occurs in the morning and afternoon causes the soil temperature to be lower.

Conclusion

This internet-based soil temperature observation system (IoT) provides an effective and efficient solution to monitor soil temperature continuously. With online data accessibility, researchers, farmers, and natural resource managers can easily analyze land temperature in real time. This is expected to improve the quality of decisions in better agricultural management and natural resources, as well as making a positive contribution to climate and ecosystem research in the North Sumatra region.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • The digital land temperature observation system should be implemented in other regions to monitor soil temperature continuously.
  • The system should be integrated with other sensors to monitor other environmental parameters, such as soil moisture and pH.
  • The system should be used to develop a decision support system for agricultural management and natural resource management.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The study only focuses on soil temperature and does not consider other environmental parameters.
  • The study only uses a limited number of sensors to monitor soil temperature.
  • The study does not consider the effect of other factors, such as soil type and land use, on soil temperature.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

  • Developing a decision support system for agricultural management and natural resource management using the digital land temperature observation system.
  • Integrating the system with other sensors to monitor other environmental parameters.
  • Conducting a comprehensive study on the effect of other factors, such as soil type and land use, on soil temperature.

References

Note: The references provided are fictional and for demonstration purposes only.

Q: What is the purpose of the digital land temperature observation system?

A: The digital land temperature observation system is designed to monitor soil temperature continuously and provide real-time data to researchers, farmers, and natural resource managers. This system aims to improve the quality of decisions in better agricultural management and natural resources, as well as making a positive contribution to climate and ecosystem research in the North Sumatra region.

Q: How does the system work?

A: The system uses a combination of hardware and software components to monitor soil temperature. The hardware components include seven DS18B20 sensors mounted at a depth of 0 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm, combined with the ESP8266 module using the Arduino system. The software components include a microcontroller, a sensor interface, and a communication module.

Q: What are the benefits of using the digital land temperature observation system?

A: The benefits of using the digital land temperature observation system include:

  • Providing real-time data on soil temperature
  • Improving the quality of decisions in better agricultural management and natural resources
  • Making a positive contribution to climate and ecosystem research in the North Sumatra region
  • Reducing the need for manual observations and increasing the accuracy of data

Q: How accurate is the digital land temperature observation system?

A: The calibration results show that the DS18B20 sensor used in this study produces accurate and consistent temperature measurements, with an average correction ranging from (-0.20) to 0.24. Field tests also show that digital data obtained are accurate and in line (correlated linear) with conventional data.

Q: Can the system be used in other regions?

A: Yes, the system can be used in other regions to monitor soil temperature continuously. However, the system may need to be adapted to the specific climate and soil conditions of the region.

Q: How can the system be integrated with other sensors?

A: The system can be integrated with other sensors to monitor other environmental parameters, such as soil moisture and pH. This can be done by adding additional sensors to the system and modifying the software to accommodate the new sensors.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including:

  • The study only focuses on soil temperature and does not consider other environmental parameters
  • The study only uses a limited number of sensors to monitor soil temperature
  • The study does not consider the effect of other factors, such as soil type and land use, on soil temperature

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research directions include:

  • Developing a decision support system for agricultural management and natural resource management using the digital land temperature observation system
  • Integrating the system with other sensors to monitor other environmental parameters
  • Conducting a comprehensive study on the effect of other factors, such as soil type and land use, on soil temperature

Q: How can I get more information about the digital land temperature observation system?

A: You can contact the researchers involved in the study for more information about the digital land temperature observation system. You can also visit the website of the North Sumatra Climatology Station for more information about the system and its applications.

Q: Can I use the digital land temperature observation system for commercial purposes?

A: Yes, you can use the digital land temperature observation system for commercial purposes. However, you will need to obtain the necessary permissions and licenses from the researchers and the North Sumatra Climatology Station.

Q: How can I contribute to the development of the digital land temperature observation system?

A: You can contribute to the development of the digital land temperature observation system by providing feedback and suggestions on the system's design and functionality. You can also participate in the testing and evaluation of the system to help improve its accuracy and reliability.