Comparison Of The Incidence Of Obstetric Bleeding Between Primigravida And Multigravida At H. Adam Malik Hospital In 2019-2021

Feb 28, 2025 by ADMIN 127 views

Comparison of Obstetrics Bleeding Incidence between Primigravida and Multigravida at H. Adam Malik Hospital 2019-2021

Background

Obstetric bleeding is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This condition can occur during pregnancy or labor, and pregnant women with risk factors, such as multiple pregnancies (multigravida), are more susceptible to obstetric bleeding. Understanding the incidence of obstetric bleeding between primigravida and multigravida is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies. This study aims to analyze the ratio of obstetric bleeding incidence between primigravida and multigravida at the Adam Malik Hajj Hospital in the period of 2019 to 2021.

Research Purposes

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the incidence of obstetric bleeding in primigravida and multigravida pregnant women at the Adam Malik Hajj Hospital. By comparing the incidence of obstetric bleeding between these two groups, we can identify the risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding and develop targeted interventions to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

Methodology

This study employed a comparative descriptive approach using the cross-sectional method. Data collection was conducted through the medical records of pregnant women who experienced obstetric bleeding at the Adam Malik Haji Hospital. The study included a total of 104 cases of obstetric bleeding, which were analyzed to determine the incidence of obstetric bleeding in primigravida and multigravida.

Research Results

The results of this study showed that of the total 104 cases of obstetric bleeding, 96 respondents (92.3%) were multigravida, while 8 respondents (7.7%) were primigravids. The most common type of bleeding was antepartum bleeding, accounting for 82.7% of the total cases. From this type of bleeding, the most often found etiology was Placenta Praevia (81.7%) for antepartum hemorrhage, and a retained placenta (7.7%) for postpartum hemorrhage.

Analysis

The results of this study indicate that the incidence of obstetric bleeding is higher in multigravida groups compared to primigravida. This can be interpreted that the experience of previous pregnancy in the multigravida might cause more complications associated with bleeding, both antepartum and postpartum. Factors that influence the risk of obstetric bleeding in multigravide women can include previous health conditions, previous pregnancy history, and other obstetric factors such as placental position and uterine conditions.

Conclusion

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the incidence of obstetric bleeding is higher in multigravida pregnant women than primigravida. The proportion of multigravida that experiences antepartum bleeding, postpartum, and combination bleeding (antepartum + postpartum) is far greater than the primigravida. This confirms the need for more attention and medical actions for pregnant women with a history of multigravida to minimize the risk of obstetric bleeding and improve maternal safety.

Implications

The findings of this study have significant implications for the prevention and management of obstetric bleeding. A better understanding of the risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding can help healthcare providers develop targeted interventions to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Additionally, increasing awareness among medical personnel and the general public about the importance of adequate prenatal care can help prevent obstetric bleeding.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Multigravida pregnant women should receive more stringent monitoring and care to minimize the risk of obstetric bleeding.
Healthcare providers should be aware of the risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding and develop targeted interventions to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
Adequate prenatal care should be emphasized to prevent obstetric bleeding.
Further research should be conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding and develop effective prevention and management strategies.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The study was conducted at a single hospital, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
The study only included cases of obstetric bleeding, which may not be representative of the entire population of pregnant women.
The study did not control for other factors that may influence the incidence of obstetric bleeding, such as socioeconomic status and access to healthcare.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to investigate the risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding and develop effective prevention and management strategies. Additionally, studies should be conducted to investigate the impact of prenatal care on the incidence of obstetric bleeding. By understanding the risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding and developing targeted interventions, we can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and improve maternal safety.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Obstetric Bleeding

Q: What is obstetric bleeding?

A: Obstetric bleeding is a condition where a pregnant woman experiences bleeding during pregnancy or labor. This can be a life-threatening condition if not properly managed.

Q: What are the risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding?

A: The risk factors associated with obstetric bleeding include:

Multiple pregnancies (multigravida): Women who have had multiple pregnancies are at a higher risk of experiencing obstetric bleeding.
Previous health conditions: Women with previous health conditions, such as hypertension or diabetes, are at a higher risk of experiencing obstetric bleeding.
Previous pregnancy history: Women who have had previous pregnancy complications, such as placenta previa or retained placenta, are at a higher risk of experiencing obstetric bleeding.
Other obstetric factors: Women with other obstetric factors, such as placental position and uterine conditions, are at a higher risk of experiencing obstetric bleeding.

Q: What are the types of obstetric bleeding?

A: There are several types of obstetric bleeding, including:

Antepartum bleeding: Bleeding that occurs before labor.
Postpartum bleeding: Bleeding that occurs after labor.
Combination bleeding: Bleeding that occurs both before and after labor.

Q: What are the causes of obstetric bleeding?

A: The causes of obstetric bleeding include:

Placenta previa: A condition where the placenta covers the cervix.
Retained placenta: A condition where the placenta is not fully expelled after delivery.
Uterine atony: A condition where the uterus does not contract properly after delivery.
Placental abruption: A condition where the placenta separates from the uterus.

Q: How can obstetric bleeding be prevented?

A: Obstetric bleeding can be prevented by:

Receiving adequate prenatal care: Regular prenatal check-ups can help identify risk factors and prevent obstetric bleeding.
Monitoring for risk factors: Women who are at a higher risk of experiencing obstetric bleeding should be closely monitored during pregnancy.
Developing a birth plan: Women should develop a birth plan that includes a plan for managing obstetric bleeding.
Receiving education on obstetric bleeding: Women should receive education on the signs and symptoms of obstetric bleeding and how to manage it.

Q: What are the symptoms of obstetric bleeding?

A: The symptoms of obstetric bleeding include:

Vaginal bleeding: Vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom of obstetric bleeding.
Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain can occur if the bleeding is heavy or if there is a retained placenta.
Fever: Fever can occur if there is an infection.
Shivering: Shivering can occur if there is a drop in blood pressure.

Q: What should I do if I experience obstetric bleeding?

A: If you experience obstetric bleeding, you should:

Call your healthcare provider: Call your healthcare provider immediately if you experience vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain.
Go to the hospital: If you are experiencing heavy bleeding or abdominal pain, go to the hospital immediately.
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions: Follow your healthcare provider's instructions for managing obstetric bleeding.

Q: Can obstetric bleeding be treated?

A: Yes, obstetric bleeding can be treated. Treatment may include:

Rest: Resting and avoiding strenuous activities can help manage obstetric bleeding.
Medications: Medications such as oxytocin or ergotamine can help manage obstetric bleeding.
Blood transfusions: Blood transfusions may be necessary if the bleeding is heavy.
Surgery: Surgery may be necessary if the bleeding is severe or if there is a retained placenta.

Q: Can obstetric bleeding be prevented in future pregnancies?

A: Yes, obstetric bleeding can be prevented in future pregnancies by:

Receiving adequate prenatal care: Regular prenatal check-ups can help identify risk factors and prevent obstetric bleeding.
Monitoring for risk factors: Women who are at a higher risk of experiencing obstetric bleeding should be closely monitored during pregnancy.
Developing a birth plan: Women should develop a birth plan that includes a plan for managing obstetric bleeding.
Receiving education on obstetric bleeding: Women should receive education on the signs and symptoms of obstetric bleeding and how to manage it.