Comparison Of The Incidence Of Bacteriuria In Pregnant Women With Mothers Who Are Not Pregnant At H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

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The High Incidence of Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health issue affecting millions of people worldwide. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to UTIs due to various physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. This study aims to compare the incidence of bacteriuria as a cause of UTI in pregnant women and mothers not pregnant at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The study employed a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 20 pregnant women and 20 mothers not pregnant.

Methodology

The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology H. Adam Malik Hospital in January 2014. Urine samples were taken mid-stream from the participants and then bacteriologically examined in the Pramita laboratory. The data was tabulated and analyzed using a computer to determine the incidence of bacteriuria in both groups.

Results

The results of the study showed that the group of pregnant women who experienced UTI was dominated by women aged 25-30 years (11 people, 55%) and 30-35 years (14 people, 70%). In contrast, the group of mothers not pregnant had a higher proportion of women with diploma education (14 people). The parity of the pregnant women was also found to be higher, with 13 people (65%) having parity 1-2, compared to the group of mothers not pregnant with parity ≥3 (11 people, 55%).

The examination results revealed that the incidence of bacteriuria in UTI was higher in the group of pregnant women (7 people, 35%) compared to the group of mothers not pregnant (2 people, 10%). Furthermore, it was found that 71.4% of positive urine samples in patients with symptomatic UTI and 28.6% in asymptomatic patients.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the incidence of bacteriuria as a cause of UTI in pregnant women and mothers not pregnant. Pregnant women have a higher risk of experiencing UTI compared to not pregnant women. Several factors may contribute to this difference, including:

Physiological changes during pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman's body experiences hormonal changes and immune system alterations that affect urinary tract function. This can increase the risk of infection in the urinary tract. The growth of the fetus in the womb causes pressure on the bladder, inhibiting the flow of urine and making it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract.

Uterine pressure

The growth of the fetus in the womb causes pressure on the bladder, so that the flow of urine is inhibited. This can make it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract.

Changes in blood flow

Blood flow to the kidneys increases during pregnancy, making the kidneys more susceptible to infection.

Conclusion

This study provides important information about the high incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women. The findings of this study can help health workers to increase vigilance and provide education to pregnant women about the importance of maintaining the health of the urinary tract.

It is essential to remember that:

The incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women can risk causing complications

such as upper urinary tract infections, premature births, and low birth weight.

Early treatment is crucial

If you experience symptoms of UTI, consult a doctor immediately to get the right treatment.

Prevention

A few simple steps can be done to prevent UTI, such as drinking enough water, urinating regularly, and cleaning the genital area correctly.

Recommendations

By increasing awareness and understanding of urinary tract infections in pregnant women, it is expected to reduce the risk and improve the health of the mother and fetus. Health workers and healthcare providers should be aware of the high incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women and take necessary measures to prevent and treat UTIs. Pregnant women should also be educated about the importance of maintaining the health of the urinary tract and the risks associated with UTIs.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and employ a longitudinal design to better understand the incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to investigate the factors contributing to the high incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women, such as hormonal changes, uterine pressure, and changes in blood flow. Additionally, studies should explore the effectiveness of preventive measures and treatments for UTIs in pregnant women.

References

  • [1] World Health Organization. (2019). Urinary Tract Infections.
  • [2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).
  • [3] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy.

Note: The references provided are for general information purposes only and are not specific to the study.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women

Q: What is bacteriuria?

A: Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the urine. It is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and can be more severe in pregnant women due to various physiological changes.

Q: What are the symptoms of bacteriuria in pregnant women?

A: The symptoms of bacteriuria in pregnant women may include:

  • Painful urination
  • Frequent urination
  • Blood in the urine
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Abdominal pain

Q: How common is bacteriuria in pregnant women?

A: Bacteriuria is a common health issue in pregnant women. According to the study, the incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women was 35%, compared to 10% in mothers not pregnant.

Q: What are the risk factors for bacteriuria in pregnant women?

A: The risk factors for bacteriuria in pregnant women include:

  • Age: Women between 25-30 years and 30-35 years are more likely to experience bacteriuria.
  • Education: Women with diploma education are more likely to experience bacteriuria.
  • Parity: Women with parity 1-2 are more likely to experience bacteriuria.

Q: Can bacteriuria cause complications in pregnancy?

A: Yes, bacteriuria can cause complications in pregnancy, including:

  • Upper urinary tract infections
  • Premature births
  • Low birth weight

Q: How can bacteriuria be prevented in pregnant women?

A: Bacteriuria can be prevented in pregnant women by:

  • Drinking enough water
  • Urinating regularly
  • Cleaning the genital area correctly
  • Avoiding certain foods that can irritate the bladder

Q: What is the treatment for bacteriuria in pregnant women?

A: The treatment for bacteriuria in pregnant women typically involves antibiotics. It is essential to consult a doctor immediately if symptoms of UTI occur.

Q: Can bacteriuria be treated at home?

A: No, bacteriuria should not be treated at home. It is essential to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Q: How can health workers and healthcare providers help prevent and treat bacteriuria in pregnant women?

A: Health workers and healthcare providers can help prevent and treat bacteriuria in pregnant women by:

  • Increasing awareness and understanding of UTIs in pregnant women
  • Providing education to pregnant women about the importance of maintaining the health of the urinary tract
  • Encouraging pregnant women to drink enough water and urinate regularly
  • Providing antibiotics to pregnant women with UTIs

Q: What are the future directions for research on bacteriuria in pregnant women?

A: Future research should aim to investigate the factors contributing to the high incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women, such as hormonal changes, uterine pressure, and changes in blood flow. Additionally, studies should explore the effectiveness of preventive measures and treatments for UTIs in pregnant women.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the small sample size and the cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and employ a longitudinal design to better understand the incidence of bacteriuria in pregnant women.

Q: What are the implications of this study for public health?

A: The findings of this study have significant implications for public health, particularly in the context of maternal and child health. By increasing awareness and understanding of UTIs in pregnant women, it is expected to reduce the risk and improve the health of the mother and fetus.