Comparison Of Positive Simtoms And Negative Simtoms Panss Scores Before And After Giving Music Therapy To Female Schizophrenic Patients

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Title: Comparison of Positive Symptoms and Negative Symptoms PANSS Scores Before and After Giving Music Therapy to Female Schizophrenic Patients

Discussion Category: Master Theses, Education, Journal, Thesis, University, Student, Campus

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a complex and debilitating mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms such as apathy and social withdrawal. Despite the availability of antipsychotic medications, many patients with schizophrenia continue to experience significant symptoms and impaired quality of life. In recent years, music therapy has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia, with potential benefits for cognitive, emotional, and social functioning.

Background

Schizophrenia is a physiological disorder that can affect various cognitive functions, such as motion skills, attention, memory, and intelligence. This disorder is often followed by problems in social function, including poor interpersonal contact and irregular behavior. Music therapy has begun to be recognized as an additional approach that can improve the quality of life and psychological function of schizophrenic patients. This therapy aims to support the treatment that has been received, especially for those who use antipsychotic drugs.

Research Purposes

The purpose of this study is to compare positive and negative symptom scores on a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scale before and after giving music therapy to female schizophrenic patients. The PANSS is a widely used rating scale that assesses the severity of positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, while negative symptoms include apathy, social withdrawal, and lack of motivation.

Methodology

This study uses a quasi-experimental design with a quantitative approach, which involves measurements before and after intervention. Two groups were compared, namely groups that received additional music therapy and groups that only received pharmacological treatment. The analysis used included dependent and independent t-tests to assess significant differences between the two groups.

Participants

The study included 30 female patients with schizophrenia who were randomly assigned to either the music therapy group or the control group. The music therapy group received 24 sessions of music therapy, while the control group received standard pharmacological treatment.

Music Therapy Intervention

The music therapy intervention consisted of 24 sessions, each lasting 30 minutes. The sessions were conducted by a trained music therapist and included a range of activities, such as singing, playing musical instruments, and listening to music. The music therapy sessions were tailored to the individual needs and preferences of each patient.

Results

The results showed that there were no significant differences in the PANSS score between groups that received pharmacotherapy plus music therapy with groups that only received pharmacotherapy, both in the initial session (p = 0.086) and in the 24th session (p = 0.135). Likewise with the positive symptom score in the initial session (p = 0.977) and the 24th session (p = 0.135) which shows that there is no significant difference between the two groups.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that music therapy may not have a significant impact on the PANSS scores of female schizophrenic patients. However, this does not necessarily mean that music therapy is ineffective. Music therapy may have other benefits, such as improving mood, reducing anxiety, and enhancing social functioning, which may not be captured by the PANSS scale.

Conclusion

Although music therapy is expected to have a positive effect on schizophrenic patients, the results of this study show the need for further consideration in applying this therapy as additional therapy. This shows that, although there are no significant changes in PANSS scores, there are possible other factors that need to be taken into account, such as therapeutic time, frequency, and duration of the music session. Further research is needed to explore the potential of music therapy in schizophrenia treatment, especially in a broader context and with a more comprehensive research design.

Value-Added

Music therapy as an additional approach can provide benefits in improving patient psychological well-being, although not always seen directly from clinical scale scores. Therefore, it is important for mental health practitioners to consider various therapeutic approaches, including music therapy, as part of a comprehensive strategy in the treatment of schizophrenia patients. With a more holistic approach, it is expected that patients can feel the improvement of more significant quality of life.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the lack of a control group that received music therapy but not pharmacological treatment. Future studies should aim to recruit larger samples and include more comprehensive control groups.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to explore the potential of music therapy in schizophrenia treatment, including its effects on cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. Additionally, studies should investigate the optimal duration, frequency, and type of music therapy that may be most beneficial for patients with schizophrenia.

References

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  • Corrigall-Brown, C. (2013). Music therapy for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(2), CD006716.
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  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2019). Schizophrenia. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml
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    Q&A: Music Therapy for Schizophrenia

Q: What is music therapy, and how does it relate to schizophrenia?

A: Music therapy is a form of therapy that uses music to promote emotional, cognitive, and social well-being. In the context of schizophrenia, music therapy has been shown to have a positive impact on symptoms, mood, and overall quality of life.

Q: How does music therapy work for people with schizophrenia?

A: Music therapy can help individuals with schizophrenia in several ways. It can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, improve mood, and enhance cognitive function. Music therapy can also provide a sense of control and empowerment, which can be particularly beneficial for individuals with schizophrenia who may feel overwhelmed by their symptoms.

Q: What types of music therapy are used for schizophrenia?

A: There are several types of music therapy that can be used for schizophrenia, including:

  • Singing therapy: Singing can be a powerful way to express emotions and improve mood.
  • Instrumental music therapy: Playing musical instruments can provide a sense of control and empowerment.
  • Listening therapy: Listening to music can be a calming and soothing experience.
  • Composition therapy: Creating music can be a therapeutic way to express emotions and improve cognitive function.

Q: Who can benefit from music therapy for schizophrenia?

A: Music therapy can benefit anyone with schizophrenia, regardless of age, severity of symptoms, or level of functioning. Music therapy can be particularly beneficial for individuals who have difficulty with traditional talk therapy or who require additional support to manage their symptoms.

Q: How long does music therapy typically last?

A: Music therapy sessions can vary in length, but typically last between 30-60 minutes. The frequency and duration of music therapy sessions can be tailored to meet the individual needs of each person.

Q: Can music therapy be used in conjunction with other treatments for schizophrenia?

A: Yes, music therapy can be used in conjunction with other treatments for schizophrenia, including medication, talk therapy, and social skills training. Music therapy can provide a complementary approach to traditional treatments and can help individuals with schizophrenia to better manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.

Q: What are the benefits of music therapy for schizophrenia?

A: The benefits of music therapy for schizophrenia include:

  • Reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression
  • Improved mood
  • Enhanced cognitive function
  • Increased sense of control and empowerment
  • Improved social skills
  • Enhanced overall quality of life

Q: How can I find a music therapist who specializes in schizophrenia?

A: You can find a music therapist who specializes in schizophrenia by:

  • Contacting your local mental health organization
  • Searching online for music therapists in your area
  • Asking your primary care physician for a referral
  • Checking with your insurance provider to see if they cover music therapy services

Q: What are the costs associated with music therapy for schizophrenia?

A: The costs associated with music therapy for schizophrenia can vary depending on the location, frequency, and duration of sessions. Some insurance providers may cover music therapy services, while others may not. It's best to check with your insurance provider to see what is covered.

Q: Can music therapy be used as a preventative measure for schizophrenia?

A: While music therapy is not a cure for schizophrenia, it can be used as a preventative measure to help individuals with schizophrenia manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life. Music therapy can also be used to help individuals who are at risk for developing schizophrenia to manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.