Comparison Of Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels In Severe Preeclampsia And Normal Pregnancy At H Adam Malik Hospital Medan And Networking Hospital

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Comparison of Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan and Networking Hospital

Introduction

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress and endothelial damage, which is often observed in preeclampsia. This study aims to compare MDA levels in severe preeclampsia patients and normal pregnancy at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan and Networking Hospital. The study uses a cross-sectional method with bivariate data analysis using the Chi-Square test and Spearman correlation to analyze the relationship between MDA and increased blood pressure.

Methodology

This study was conducted at the maternity and outpatient units of pregnant women at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan and Networking Hospital. The study began in May 2012 until the number of samples was met. The total sample of 56 people, consisting of pregnant women who were examined at the Obstetrics Unit and Emergency Room Hospital H Adam Malik Medan and Network Hospital. Inclusion criteria include a single pregnancy, multigravida or primigravida with gestational age of more than 20 weeks, severe preeclampsia, and normal pregnancy as a control. Exclusion criteria are damage or error of blood samples during the sampling process.

Results

The results showed that the average gestational age in the normotensive group was 35.8 weeks (SD = 3.36), while the average gestational age in the preeclampsia group was 34.6 weeks (SD = 3.5) (p = 0.193). The incidence of preeclampsia in primigravida is 11 (19.6%) and in normal pregnancy is 12 (21.4%). The incidence of preeclampsia in multigravida is 16 (28.6%) and in normal pregnancy is 13 (23.2%). The incidence of preeclampsia in Grandemultigravida is 1 (1.8%) and in normal pregnancy is 3 (5.4%) (p = 0.508). The incidence of preeclampsia in nullipara is 11 (19.6%) and in normal pregnancy is 13 (23.2%). The incidence of preeclampsia in multipara is 17 (30.4%) and in normal pregnancy is 15 (26.8%). The incidence of preeclampsia in Grandemultipara was not found, nor was the normal pregnancy (p = 0.589). The incidence of abortion in normal pregnancy is higher than preeclampsia, which is 6 (10.7%) compared to 3 (5.4%) (p = 0.275).

Educational History

Educational history in the preeclampsia group is dominated by high school graduates with a total of 12 (21.4%), followed by graduates of elementary school 7 (12.5%), scholars 3 (5.4%), and SMP 6 (10.7%). While in the normal pregnancy group, educational history is dominated by high school graduates with a total of 15 (26.8%), followed by SMP 7 graduates (12.5%), SD 3 (5.4%), and Bachelor 3 (5.4%) (p = 0.510).

Blood Pressure and MDA Levels

The average systolic blood pressure in preeclampsia patients is 181.78 mmHg (SD = 9.4) with diastolic blood pressure 98.57 mmHg (SD = 5.9) (p <0.001). The average MDA level in severe preeclampsia patients is 3.88 nmol/ml (SD = 0.1) while in normal pregnancy is 1.04 nmol/ml (SD = 0.05), p <0.001. Spearman correlation test results show a very strong correlation between the degree of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with MDA levels (correlation coefficient = 0.879 for systolic and 0.885 for diastolic), where diastolic blood pressure correlates stronger than systolic blood pressure.

Conclusion

The conclusion of this study is the average MDA level in severe preeclampsia patients (3,88 nmol/ml) is significantly higher than normal pregnancy (1.04 nmol/ml) with the value of p <0.001. This shows that MDA levels can be a good indicator for detecting endothelial damage in severe preeclampsia patients. This study also shows a strong correlation between MDA levels and blood pressure, which supports that endothelial damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Limitations and Future Research

This study provides important information about the role of MDA in severe preeclampsia. However, further research is needed with a larger sample to confirm the results of this study and identify other factors that may play a role in increasing MDA levels in preeclampsia.

References

  • [1] Preeclampsia: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2018; 23(2): 1-10.
  • [2] Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Preeclampsia. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 2019; 64(3): 147-153.
  • [3] The Role of Endothelial Damage in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Journal of Hypertension, 2020; 38(5): 931-938.

Keywords

  • Preeclampsia
  • Malondialdehyde (MDA)
  • Endothelial damage
  • Blood pressure
  • Pregnancy
  • Oxidative stress

Abstract

This study aims to compare malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in severe preeclampsia patients and normal pregnancy at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan and Networking Hospital. The study uses a cross-sectional method with bivariate data analysis using the Chi-Square test and Spearman correlation to analyze the relationship between MDA and increased blood pressure. The results show that the average MDA level in severe preeclampsia patients is significantly higher than normal pregnancy, and there is a strong correlation between MDA levels and blood pressure. This study provides important information about the role of MDA in severe preeclampsia and supports the idea that endothelial damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Q&A: Understanding Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in Severe Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy

Introduction

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress and endothelial damage, which is often observed in preeclampsia. In our previous article, we discussed the comparison of MDA levels in severe preeclampsia patients and normal pregnancy at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan and Networking Hospital. In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions about MDA levels in severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.

Q: What is Malondialdehyde (MDA)?

A: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress and endothelial damage. It is a product of lipid peroxidation, which occurs when free radicals attack the lipids in cell membranes.

Q: What is the normal range of MDA levels in pregnancy?

A: The normal range of MDA levels in pregnancy is not well established. However, studies have shown that MDA levels are higher in preeclampsia patients compared to normal pregnancy.

Q: What is the relationship between MDA levels and blood pressure in preeclampsia?

A: Studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between MDA levels and blood pressure in preeclampsia. Higher MDA levels are associated with higher blood pressure.

Q: Can MDA levels be used as a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia?

A: While MDA levels are not a definitive diagnostic tool for preeclampsia, they can be used as a marker of oxidative stress and endothelial damage. Elevated MDA levels may indicate an increased risk of preeclampsia.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study had a small sample size and was conducted at a single hospital. Further research is needed to confirm the results and identify other factors that may play a role in increasing MDA levels in preeclampsia.

Q: What are the implications of this study for clinical practice?

A: This study suggests that MDA levels may be a useful marker for detecting endothelial damage in preeclampsia patients. Further research is needed to determine the clinical utility of MDA levels in preeclampsia diagnosis and management.

Q: What are the future directions for research on MDA levels in preeclampsia?

A: Future research should focus on confirming the results of this study and identifying other factors that may play a role in increasing MDA levels in preeclampsia. Additionally, studies should investigate the clinical utility of MDA levels in preeclampsia diagnosis and management.

Q: Can MDA levels be used to predict the severity of preeclampsia?

A: While MDA levels are associated with the severity of preeclampsia, they are not a definitive predictor of disease severity. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between MDA levels and preeclampsia severity.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using MDA levels as a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia?

A: The potential benefits of using MDA levels as a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia include earlier detection of the disease, improved patient outcomes, and reduced healthcare costs.

Q: What are the potential risks of using MDA levels as a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia?

A: The potential risks of using MDA levels as a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia include false positives, false negatives, and overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of the disease.

Conclusion

In conclusion, MDA levels are a marker of oxidative stress and endothelial damage, which is often observed in preeclampsia. This study suggests that MDA levels may be a useful marker for detecting endothelial damage in preeclampsia patients. Further research is needed to confirm the results and identify other factors that may play a role in increasing MDA levels in preeclampsia.