Cloud Services (SNYK)- High Vulnerabilities

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Introduction

Cloud services are a crucial part of modern computing, providing scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, with the increasing adoption of cloud services, the risk of security vulnerabilities also grows. In this article, we will discuss the high vulnerabilities found in cloud services using the SNYK vulnerability scanner.

Vulnerability Report

The vulnerability report was generated on 13/03/2025, and the scan was conducted over a period of 10 days. The report highlights the following high vulnerabilities:

Heap-based Buffer Overflow

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • nss-tools 3.90.0-2.amzn2.0.1
    • nss-sysinit 3.90.0-2.amzn2.0.1
    • nss 3.90.0-2.amzn2.0.1
  • Description: A heap-based buffer overflow occurs when a program attempts to write more data to a buffer than it can hold, causing the buffer to overflow and potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

Denial of Service (DoS)

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • io.netty:netty-codec-http2 4.1.97.Final
    • ch.qos.logback:logback-classic 1.4.11
    • ch.qos.logback:logback-core 1.4.11
    • org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.13
  • Description: A denial of service (DoS) occurs when a program or system is forced to stop functioning or respond to legitimate requests, often due to a resource exhaustion or a crash.

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption ('Resource Exhaustion')

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • ch.qos.logback:logback-core 1.4.11
    • org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.13
  • Description: Uncontrolled resource consumption occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage resources, leading to resource exhaustion and potentially causing the system to crash or become unresponsive.

Improper Input Validation

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.13
  • Description: Improper input validation occurs when a program or system fails to properly validate user input, allowing malicious input to be processed and potentially leading to security vulnerabilities.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt 9.30.1
    • com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt 9.37
    • org.apache.commons:commons-compress 1.22
    • software.amazon.ion:ion-java 1.0.2
    • systemd/libsystemd0 252.22-1~deb12u1
    • cpio 2.12-11.amzn2
    • org.json:json 20230227
    • software.amazon.ion:ion-java 1.0.2
    • systemd/libsystemd0 252.22-1~deb12u1
    • cpio 2.12-11.amzn2
    • org.json:json 20230227
  • Description: Allocation of resources without limits or throttling occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage resources, leading to resource exhaustion and potentially causing the system to crash or become unresponsive.

Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • ecdsa 0.19.0
    • ecdsa 0.18.0
  • Description: Missing encryption of sensitive data occurs when a program or system fails to properly encrypt sensitive data, making it vulnerable to unauthorized access.

Timing Attack

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • ecdsa 0.18.0
    • ecdsa 0.19.0
  • Description: Timing attack occurs when an attacker uses the time it takes for a program or system to process a request to infer sensitive information, such as cryptographic keys.

XML External Entity (XXE) Injection

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • sympy 1.10.1
  • Description: XML external entity (XXE) injection occurs when an attacker injects malicious XML code into a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt 9.30.1
    • com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt 9.37
  • Description: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) occurs when an attacker tricks a user into performing an unintended action on a web application, often by injecting malicious code into a web page.

Authentication Bypass

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • org.springframework.security:spring-security-core 6.1.4
    • org.springframework.security:spring-security-web 6.2.1
  • Description: Authentication bypass occurs when an attacker is able to bypass the authentication mechanism of a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code.

Open Redirect

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • org.springframework:spring-web 6.0.12
    • org.springframework:spring-web 6.1.3
  • Description: Open redirect occurs when a program or system fails to properly validate user input, allowing an attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.

Path Traversal

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • org.springframework:spring-webflux 6.1.10
    • org.springframework:spring-webmvc 6.1.10
    • org.springframework:spring-webmvc 6.1.12
    • org.springframework:spring-webmvc 6.1.12
    • org.springframework:spring-webmvc 6.1.12
    • org.springframework:spring-webmvc 6.1.12
    • org.springframework:spring-webmvc 6.1.10
    • org.springframework:spring-webmvc 6.1.10
  • Description: Path traversal occurs when an attacker injects malicious code into a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code.

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java 3.19.6
    • com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java 3.19.6
    • com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java 3.19.6
    • com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java 4.27.1
  • Description: Stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program attempts to write more data to a buffer than it can hold, causing the buffer to overflow and potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

Infinite Loop

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • org.apache.commons:commons-compress 1.22
    • org.apache.commons:commons-compress 1.22
    • org.apache.commons:commons-compress 1.22
    • org.apache.commons:commons-compress 1.24.0
    • org.apache.commons:commons-compress 1.24.0
    • org.apache.commons:commons-compress 1.24.0
  • Description: Infinite loop occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage resources, leading to resource exhaustion and potentially causing the system to crash or become unresponsive.

Insufficient Session Expiration

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.20
    • org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.20
    • org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.20
  • Description: Insufficient session expiration occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage session expiration, allowing an attacker to maintain a session for an extended period.

SQL Injection

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.24
  • Description: SQL injection occurs when an attacker injects malicious SQL code into a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code.

Out-of-bounds Read

  • Project name: Stackspot Cloud
  • Vulnerable resources:
    • `java-21-amazon-corretto-headless 1:21.0.3+9-1.amzn
      Cloud Services (SNYK) - High Vulnerabilities Q&A =====================================================

Q: What is SNYK and how does it work?

A: SNYK is a vulnerability scanner that identifies potential security vulnerabilities in cloud services. It works by scanning the cloud services for known vulnerabilities and providing a report of the findings.

Q: What are the high vulnerabilities found in cloud services using SNYK?

A: The high vulnerabilities found in cloud services using SNYK include:

  • Heap-based buffer overflow
  • Denial of service (DoS)
  • Uncontrolled resource consumption ('Resource Exhaustion')
  • Improper input validation
  • Allocation of resources without limits or throttling
  • Missing encryption of sensitive data
  • Timing attack
  • XML external entity (XXE) injection
  • Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
  • Authentication bypass
  • Open redirect
  • Path traversal
  • Stack-based buffer overflow
  • Infinite loop
  • Insufficient session expiration
  • SQL injection
  • Out-of-bounds read

Q: What is a heap-based buffer overflow and how does it occur?

A: A heap-based buffer overflow occurs when a program attempts to write more data to a buffer than it can hold, causing the buffer to overflow and potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a buffer is not properly sized.

Q: What is a denial of service (DoS) and how does it occur?

A: A denial of service (DoS) occurs when a program or system is forced to stop functioning or respond to legitimate requests, often due to a resource exhaustion or a crash. This can occur when a program fails to properly manage resources or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is uncontrolled resource consumption ('Resource Exhaustion') and how does it occur?

A: Uncontrolled resource consumption occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage resources, leading to resource exhaustion and potentially causing the system to crash or become unresponsive. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is improper input validation and how does it occur?

A: Improper input validation occurs when a program or system fails to properly validate user input, allowing malicious input to be processed and potentially leading to security vulnerabilities. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is allocation of resources without limits or throttling and how does it occur?

A: Allocation of resources without limits or throttling occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage resources, leading to resource exhaustion and potentially causing the system to crash or become unresponsive. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is missing encryption of sensitive data and how does it occur?

A: Missing encryption of sensitive data occurs when a program or system fails to properly encrypt sensitive data, making it vulnerable to unauthorized access. This can occur when a program fails to properly encrypt sensitive data or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is timing attack and how does it occur?

A: Timing attack occurs when an attacker uses the time it takes for a program or system to process a request to infer sensitive information, such as cryptographic keys. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is XML external entity (XXE) injection and how does it occur?

A: XML external entity (XXE) injection occurs when an attacker injects malicious XML code into a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is cross-site request forgery (CSRF) and how does it occur?

A: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) occurs when an attacker tricks a user into performing an unintended action on a web application, often by injecting malicious code into a web page. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is authentication bypass and how does it occur?

A: Authentication bypass occurs when an attacker is able to bypass the authentication mechanism of a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is open redirect and how does it occur?

A: Open redirect occurs when a program or system fails to properly validate user input, allowing an attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is path traversal and how does it occur?

A: Path traversal occurs when an attacker injects malicious code into a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is stack-based buffer overflow and how does it occur?

A: Stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program attempts to write more data to a buffer than it can hold, causing the buffer to overflow and potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a buffer is not properly sized.

Q: What is infinite loop and how does it occur?

A: Infinite loop occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage resources, leading to resource exhaustion and potentially causing the system to crash or become unresponsive. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is insufficient session expiration and how does it occur?

A: Insufficient session expiration occurs when a program or system fails to properly manage session expiration, allowing an attacker to maintain a session for an extended period. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is SQL injection and how does it occur?

A: SQL injection occurs when an attacker injects malicious SQL code into a program or system, allowing them to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a system is subjected to a high volume of traffic.

Q: What is out-of-bounds read and how does it occur?

A: Out-of-bounds read occurs when a program attempts to read data from a buffer that is not properly sized, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. This can occur when a program fails to properly validate user input or when a buffer is not properly sized.

Q: How can I prevent these vulnerabilities in my cloud services?

A: To prevent these vulnerabilities in your cloud services, you should:

  • Regularly scan your cloud services for known vulnerabilities using a tool like SNYK
  • Implement proper input validation and sanitization
  • Use secure coding practices, such as using secure libraries and frameworks
  • Regularly update and patch your cloud services
  • Implement proper authentication and authorization mechanisms
  • Use secure communication protocols, such as HTTPS
  • Regularly monitor your cloud services for suspicious activity

By following these best practices, you can help prevent these vulnerabilities in your cloud services and ensure the security and integrity of your data.