Clinicopathology Picture Of Patients With Colorectal Cancer Performed Emergency And Elective Surgery At H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Feb 27, 2025 by ADMIN 133 views

Clinicopathology Picture of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Performed Emergency and Elective Surgery at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with nearly 1.4 million new cases diagnosed in 2012. The incidence of colorectal cancer is higher in men than women in all countries. Most colorectal cancer patients undergo elective surgery compared to emergency surgery. This study aims to dig deeper about the clinical and pathological features of colorectal cancer cases undergoing emergency and elective surgery at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan in the period January 2011 to December 2013.

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its incidence is increasing in many countries. The disease is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the colon or rectum, which can lead to the formation of tumors and the invasion of surrounding tissues. The clinical presentation of colorectal cancer can vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to those with severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, and changes in bowel habits.

This study uses a retrospective descriptive study design, by collecting secondary data from the medical record of patients suffering from colorectal cancer and has undergone emergency and elective surgery at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during the specified period. The data analyzed included the number of cases, the sex of the patient, clinical features, and histopathological results.

The study population consisted of 179 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent emergency and elective surgery at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan between January 2011 and December 2013. The data were collected from the hospital's medical records and included information on the patient's demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and histopathological results.

Of the 40 cases undergoing emergency surgery, there were 22 men and 18 women. Meanwhile, of the 139 cases undergoing elective surgery, 77 of them were men and 62 women. In emergency cases, there are 38 cases with a clinical picture of obstruction and 2 cases with peritonitis. Whereas in the elective case, 65 patients experience bowel movements with blood mucus, 41 cases experience constipation, and 33 cases of palpable mass in the abdomen.

In terms of histopathological features, in emergency cases there are 22 cases with well differentiated adeno Ca, whereas in elective cases, there are 81 cases with the same diagnosis. The results of this study provide an important insight into the characteristics of colorectal cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan.

Clinical Features of Emergency Cases

The most common clinical picture of emergency cases is obstruction, which occurs in 38 cases. Obstruction is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate surgical intervention. The clinical presentation of obstruction can vary widely, ranging from mild symptoms such as constipation and abdominal pain to severe symptoms such as abdominal distension and vomiting.

Clinical Features of Elective Cases

For elective cases, the majority of patients (65 cases) show symptoms of bowel movements with blood mucus. This symptom is a common presentation of colorectal cancer and can be caused by the invasion of the tumor into the rectum or sigmoid colon. The presence of blood in the stool can be a sign of bleeding from the tumor, which can lead to anemia and other complications.

Histopathological Features

In terms of histopathological features, both emergency and elective cases show the predomination of well differentiated adeno Ca, each with 22 cases for emergency and 81 cases for electives. Well differentiated adeno Ca is a type of colorectal cancer that is characterized by the presence of glandular structures in the tumor. This type of cancer is often associated with a better prognosis than other types of colorectal cancer.

The results of this study provide an important insight into the characteristics of colorectal cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The findings that the majority of emergency cases are obstruction can indicate the need for more stringent supervision of initial symptoms in patients with high risk. On the other hand, the high number of elective patients with bowel movements accompanied by blood mucus shows the possibility of neglect of initial symptoms that can lead to more severe cancer development.

The existence of two categories of operations (emergency and elective) also shows differences in clinical approaches that need to be considered by medical personnel. Optimizing the process of early diagnosis and increasing public awareness about the symptoms of colorectal cancer can be an important step in reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer.

Through further research and appropriate education, it is expected to improve the results of treatment and quality of life of colorectal cancer patients in Indonesia. The findings of this study can also be used to develop guidelines for the management of colorectal cancer in Indonesia, which can help to improve the outcomes of patients with this disease.

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

Early diagnosis: Early diagnosis is crucial in the management of colorectal cancer. Patients with high risk should be screened regularly for symptoms of colorectal cancer.
Public awareness: Public awareness about the symptoms of colorectal cancer is essential in reducing the incidence and mortality of this disease.
Optimizing clinical approaches: The existence of two categories of operations (emergency and elective) shows differences in clinical approaches that need to be considered by medical personnel.
Further research: Further research is needed to improve the results of treatment and quality of life of colorectal cancer patients in Indonesia.

By implementing these recommendations, it is expected that the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer can be reduced, and the outcomes of patients with this disease can be improved.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Clinicopathology Picture of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Performed Emergency and Elective Surgery at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and pathological features of colorectal cancer cases undergoing emergency and elective surgery at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan in the period January 2011 to December 2013.

Q: What is the significance of this study?

A: This study provides an important insight into the characteristics of colorectal cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, which can help to improve the outcomes of patients with this disease.

Q: What are the main findings of this study?

A: The main findings of this study are:

The majority of emergency cases are obstruction, which occurs in 38 cases.
The majority of elective cases show symptoms of bowel movements with blood mucus, which occurs in 65 cases.
Both emergency and elective cases show the predomination of well differentiated adeno Ca, each with 22 cases for emergency and 81 cases for electives.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are:

The need for more stringent supervision of initial symptoms in patients with high risk.
The possibility of neglect of initial symptoms that can lead to more severe cancer development.
The importance of optimizing the process of early diagnosis and increasing public awareness about the symptoms of colorectal cancer.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study?

A: The recommendations of this study are:

Early diagnosis: Early diagnosis is crucial in the management of colorectal cancer. Patients with high risk should be screened regularly for symptoms of colorectal cancer.
Public awareness: Public awareness about the symptoms of colorectal cancer is essential in reducing the incidence and mortality of this disease.
Optimizing clinical approaches: The existence of two categories of operations (emergency and elective) shows differences in clinical approaches that need to be considered by medical personnel.
Further research: Further research is needed to improve the results of treatment and quality of life of colorectal cancer patients in Indonesia.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study are:

The study was conducted in a single hospital, which may not be representative of the general population.
The study was based on secondary data, which may not be accurate or complete.
The study did not control for other factors that may affect the outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer.

Q: What are the future directions of this study?

A: The future directions of this study are:

To conduct further research to improve the results of treatment and quality of life of colorectal cancer patients in Indonesia.
To develop guidelines for the management of colorectal cancer in Indonesia.
To increase public awareness about the symptoms of colorectal cancer and the importance of early diagnosis.

By addressing these questions and limitations, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the clinicopathology picture of patients with colorectal cancer performed emergency and elective surgery at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan.