Characteristics Of Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Who Are Hospitalized In The Heart Polyclink Of The Hospital Tk. II Putri Hijau Kesdam I/BB Medan In 2017

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Characteristics of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Hospitalized in the Heart Polyclinic of Hospital Tk. II Putri Hijau Kesdam I/BB Medan in 2017

Introduction

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a serious health problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 1.5% and proportional mortality of 12.4% in 2014. This study aims to identify the characteristics of patients with CHD who were treated in the heart polyclinic of Hospital Tk. II Putri Hijau Kesdam I/BB Medan in 2017. Understanding the characteristics of CHD patients is crucial in developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Methodology

This study employed a descriptive research design with a case series approach. The population and sample consisted of 196 patients with CHD who sought treatment in the heart polyclinic of Hospital Tk. II Putri Hijau Kesdam I/BB Medan in 2017. Secondary data was collected and analyzed using the Chi-Square test and the Exact Fisher test.

Results

The results showed that most of the CHD patients were in the age range of 55-64 years (31.6%), with the majority being female (52.6%). The Batak tribe was the most representative group (52.0%), followed by Muslims (59.7%), and the dominant marital status was married (90.3%). High school graduates were the most common education level (51.5%), and many patients worked as housewives (36.2%).

Demographic Characteristics

  • Age: The majority of patients were in the age range of 55-64 years (31.6%).
  • Sex: The majority of patients were female (52.6%).
  • Ethnicity: The Batak tribe was the most representative group (52.0%).
  • Religion: Muslims were the majority (59.7%).
  • Marital Status: The dominant marital status was married (90.3%).
  • Education: High school graduates were the most common education level (51.5%).
  • Occupation: Many patients worked as housewives (36.2%).

Clinical Characteristics

  • Symptoms: The main symptoms experienced by patients were chest pain (50.5%).
  • Blood Pressure: Many patients experienced hypertension, both at systolic blood pressure (41.8%) and diastolic (40.3%).
  • Fasting Blood Sugar Levels: Normal fasting blood sugar levels were recorded in 58.2% of patients.
  • Lipid Profiles: High LDL levels (91.3%) and high HDL (83.2%) were concerns, although total cholesterol levels (97.4%) and triglycerides (74.5%) were within the normal range.
  • Family History: Most patients did not have a family history of heart disease (59.7%).
  • Clinical Features: Symptoms of heart poorness were experienced by 43.4% of patients.

Bivariate Analysis

Bivariate analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between age groups and gender (P = 0.018). However, no significant differences were found between age groups and other factors such as systolic blood pressure (p = 0.899), diastolic (p = 0.581), fasting blood sugar levels (p = 0.131), LDL levels (p = 1,000), HDL levels (p = 1,000), total cholesterol (p = 0.331), triglycerides (p = 0.065), and clinical features of the heart (p = 0.271).

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the characteristics of patients with CHD who were treated in the heart polyclinic of Hospital Tk. II Putri Hijau Kesdam I/BB Medan in 2017. Understanding these characteristics is crucial in developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. It is recommended that hospitals provide education about the risk factors of CHD to the community and that patients with CHD routinely undergo medical examinations to monitor their health conditions. By maintaining a healthy diet, regularly taking drugs, and doing periodic health checks, it is hoped that sufferers can more easily control their blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. This is an important step to improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the incidence of CHD in the community.

Recommendations

  1. Education and Awareness: Hospitals should provide education about the risk factors of CHD to the community.
  2. Regular Medical Examinations: Patients with CHD should routinely undergo medical examinations to monitor their health conditions.
  3. Healthy Lifestyle: Patients with CHD should maintain a healthy diet, regularly take drugs, and do periodic health checks to control their blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.

Limitations

This study had several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of secondary data. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and collect primary data to provide more accurate and reliable results.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Q: What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

A: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a serious health problem in which the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque. This can lead to a heart attack or other complications.

Q: What are the risk factors for CHD?

A: The risk factors for CHD include:

  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol levels
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Family history of CHD
  • Age (men over 45, women over 55)
  • Obesity
  • Physical inactivity
  • Poor diet

Q: What are the symptoms of CHD?

A: The symptoms of CHD can include:

  • Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness

Q: How is CHD diagnosed?

A: CHD is diagnosed through a combination of:

  • Medical history
  • Physical examination
  • Blood tests (e.g. lipid profile, blood sugar)
  • Imaging tests (e.g. electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, coronary angiogram)
  • Stress tests (e.g. treadmill test, stress echocardiogram)

Q: What are the treatment options for CHD?

A: The treatment options for CHD include:

  • Medications (e.g. statins, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors)
  • Lifestyle changes (e.g. diet, exercise, smoking cessation)
  • Angioplasty and stenting
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
  • Heart transplantation

Q: Can CHD be prevented?

A: Yes, CHD can be prevented or delayed through:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Eating a balanced diet
  • Exercising regularly
  • Not smoking
  • Managing stress
  • Getting regular check-ups and screenings

Q: What is the prognosis for CHD patients?

A: The prognosis for CHD patients depends on the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, many patients can lead active and healthy lives.

Q: How can I reduce my risk of CHD?

A: To reduce your risk of CHD, you can:

  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Eat a balanced diet
  • Exercise regularly
  • Not smoke
  • Manage stress
  • Get regular check-ups and screenings
  • Monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol levels

Q: What should I do if I experience symptoms of CHD?

A: If you experience symptoms of CHD, you should:

  • Call emergency services (e.g. 911)
  • Seek immediate medical attention
  • Follow the advice of your healthcare provider

Q: Can CHD be treated with alternative therapies?

A: While some alternative therapies may be helpful in managing CHD symptoms, they should not be used as a replacement for conventional medical treatment. Always consult with your healthcare provider before trying any alternative therapies.