Characteristics Of Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Who Are Outpatient Treatment At The Pirngadi Pirngadi General Hospital In 2000

by ADMIN 135 views

Characteristics of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan in 2000

Introduction

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major public health concern worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing in many countries, including Indonesia. In 2000, a research study was conducted at the Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan to determine the characteristics of patients with CHD who underwent outpatient treatment. This study aimed to provide an in-depth picture of the demographics and health conditions of patients with CHD, which can inform the development of preventive and treatment strategies.

Methodology

The study used a descriptive survey design, utilizing secondary data from patient status cards for a period of one month. The sample consisted of 247 patients with CHD, and the sampling method used was simple random sampling. The study had a confidence level of 95%, which is considered high.

Demographic Characteristics

The average age of patients with CHD in this study was 58.8 years, with the majority (74.1%) being in the productive age range. The most common age group was 61-65 years, accounting for 21.1% of all respondents. In terms of sex, there were more male patients (55.9%) than female patients (44.1), with a sex ratio of 1.26. Interestingly, post-menopausal women had a 7.4 times higher incidence of CHD than premenopausal women.

Tribal and Occupational Characteristics

The Batak tribe was the most represented, with a percentage of 59.5%, followed by other tribes. The most common occupation was Civil Servant (PNS), accounting for 23.9% of all respondents. These findings highlight the importance of considering tribal and occupational factors in the development of preventive and treatment strategies for CHD.

Medical History

A significant proportion of patients with CHD had a history of hypertension (67.6%), diabetes mellitus (22.7%), and previous heart disease (12.1%). These findings emphasize the importance of addressing risk factors that can worsen the condition of the heart.

Lipid Profile

The study found that 51.0% of patients with CHD experienced systolic hypertension, while 49.8% experienced diastolic hypertension. Additionally, 6.9% of patients had fasting blood sugar levels above normal, while 8.1% had blood sugar levels 2 hours after eating above the normal threshold. Patients with hypercholesterolemia reached 16.2%, and although there were no patients with poor HDL cholesterol levels, 11.6% had high enough LDL levels and 4.9% showed high triglyceride levels.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The main complaint of patients with CHD was chest pain (chest pain), identified in 32% of respondents. The most common diagnosis was myocardial ischemia, accounting for 78.5% of all diagnoses. The fact that 32.4% of patients had been recorded to have smoked is a significant risk factor for heart disease.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate a variation of characteristics among people with coronary heart disease. For scientific purposes, it is hoped that the hospital can improve the system of recording health indicators that are important for the development of CHD in the future. The active role of doctors and nurses in conducting periodic examinations is also very necessary to maintain the health of patients. In addition, patients are advised to regularly check themselves into the laboratory so that treatment therapy can be done more precisely. Subsequent researchers are also advised to conduct more in-depth analytic research in order to understand the factors that contribute to this disease.

Recommendations

With a better understanding of the characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease, it is expected that preventive steps and more effective treatment can be applied, so that the quality of life of the patient can increase and the incidence of heart disease can decrease. Some recommendations for future research include:

  • Conducting more in-depth analytic research to understand the factors that contribute to CHD
  • Improving the system of recording health indicators that are important for the development of CHD
  • Encouraging patients to regularly check themselves into the laboratory for treatment therapy
  • Developing preventive and treatment strategies that take into account the demographic, tribal, and occupational characteristics of patients with CHD.

Limitations

This study had some limitations, including the use of secondary data and the small sample size. Future studies should aim to collect primary data and increase the sample size to provide more accurate and generalizable results.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for future research on the characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease. Future studies should aim to build on the findings of this study and provide more in-depth insights into the factors that contribute to CHD. Some potential future directions include:

  • Conducting more in-depth analytic research to understand the factors that contribute to CHD
  • Developing preventive and treatment strategies that take into account the demographic, tribal, and occupational characteristics of patients with CHD
  • Improving the system of recording health indicators that are important for the development of CHD
  • Encouraging patients to regularly check themselves into the laboratory for treatment therapy.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides an in-depth picture of the demographics and health conditions of patients with coronary heart disease at the Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan in 2000. The findings highlight the importance of considering tribal and occupational factors in the development of preventive and treatment strategies for CHD. With a better understanding of the characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease, it is expected that preventive steps and more effective treatment can be applied, so that the quality of life of the patient can increase and the incidence of heart disease can decrease.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Coronary Heart Disease

Q: What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?

A: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition in which the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque. This can lead to a heart attack or other complications.

Q: What are the risk factors for CHD?

A: The risk factors for CHD include:

  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Family history of CHD
  • Age (men over 45, women over 55)
  • Obesity
  • Physical inactivity
  • Stress

Q: What are the symptoms of CHD?

A: The symptoms of CHD can include:

  • Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
  • Cold sweats
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness

Q: What is the difference between angina and a heart attack?

A: Angina is a type of chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood flow to the heart is completely blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.

Q: How is CHD diagnosed?

A: CHD is diagnosed using a combination of the following tests:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Echocardiogram
  • Stress test
  • Coronary angiogram
  • Blood tests (e.g., lipid profile, blood sugar)

Q: What are the treatment options for CHD?

A: The treatment options for CHD include:

  • Lifestyle changes (e.g., diet, exercise, stress management)
  • Medications (e.g., statins, beta blockers, nitrates)
  • Angioplasty (a procedure to open blocked arteries)
  • Bypass surgery (a procedure to bypass blocked arteries)
  • Heart transplant (in severe cases)

Q: Can CHD be prevented?

A: Yes, CHD can be prevented or delayed by:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Exercising regularly
  • Eating a balanced diet
  • Managing stress
  • Quitting smoking
  • Controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol
  • Getting regular check-ups and screenings

Q: What is the prognosis for CHD?

A: The prognosis for CHD depends on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, many people with CHD can lead active and healthy lives. However, CHD can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other complications.

Q: How can I reduce my risk of CHD?

A: To reduce your risk of CHD, you can:

  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Exercise regularly
  • Eat a balanced diet
  • Manage stress
  • Quit smoking
  • Control high blood pressure and high cholesterol
  • Get regular check-ups and screenings

Q: What should I do if I experience symptoms of CHD?

A: If you experience symptoms of CHD, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, you should:

  • Call emergency services (e.g., 911)
  • Seek medical attention immediately
  • Follow the instructions of medical professionals

Q: Can CHD be cured?

A: CHD is a chronic condition that cannot be cured, but it can be managed and treated with lifestyle changes and medical interventions. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, many people with CHD can lead active and healthy lives.