Characteristics Of Patients With Acute Otitis Media In The ENT-KL Department Of Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan In 2011-2013

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Characteristics of Patients with Acute Otitis Media in Adam Malik Hospital Medan (2011-2013)

Acute otitis media (OMA) is a sudden infection in the middle ear that lasts in a short time. This disease is caused by viral infections and bacteria in the mucous membrane in the middle ear. Oma is the most common cause of hearing loss in children in developed countries, with about 80% of children experienced at least one episode of OMA before the age of three years. In the United States, there are around 2.2 million new cases of Oma every year. Symptoms that often appear include hearing loss, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, general malaise, and ear pain. If not treated properly, Oma can cause various serious complications, such as labyrinthitis, peripheral facial facial paralysis, acute mastoiditis, and gradenigo syndrome. Children tend to be more vulnerable to Oma than adults. Risk factors associated with Oma include age, sex, ethnicity, low birth weight, premature birth, and environmental factors such as lack of breastfeeding, history of ear infections in the family, exposure to cigarette smoke, and the number of children in the family.

Background and Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of acute otitis media sufferers in the H. Adam Malik RSUP Hospital Department in Medan during the period January 2011 to December 2013. The method used was a descriptive study by collecting data from the medical records of OMA patients during the period. This study aimed to provide valuable insights about the characteristics of OMA sufferers in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan and to identify the risk factors associated with this disease.

Methodology

The study used a descriptive study design to collect data from the medical records of OMA patients in H. Adam Malik RSUP Hospital Department in Medan during the period January 2011 to December 2013. The data collected included demographic information, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes.

Results

The results showed that most Oma sufferers were women, with a percentage of 56.4%. Most patients are in age groups over 35 years (37.4%). In addition, as many as 27.5% of patients do not have jobs, and 35.1% have completed education at high school level. The main complaint experienced by patients is 43.9%watery ears. In the case of the location of infection, the right ear becomes the most frequently exposed (45.6%). The most widely used therapy to overcome OMA is antibacterial therapy, which reaches 88.3%, while 16.1% of patients experience OMA recurrence.

Additional Analysis and Explanation

Characteristics of OMA Sufferers in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Characteristics of OMA sufferers in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan show that this infection is more common in women and older age groups. This may be related to several factors, such as general health, immune system, and exposure to different risk of infections. For example, women tend to be more concerned with their health, which might explain why they are more treated and diagnosed with OMA.

Socioeconomic Factors and Access to Health Services

The high number of patients who do not work (27.5%) may indicate a socioeconomic condition that affects their access to health services. This is important to consider in an effort to improve public health programs that focus on the prevention and handling of OMA, especially among vulnerable populations.

Importance of Public Education

The main complaint in the form of authorrhea which reached 43.9% showed that most patients came with visible symptoms. This shows the importance of education for the community to recognize the initial symptoms of Oma so that they can immediately get the right medical treatment.

Need for Better Awareness of Appropriate Treatment and Prevention

The use of high antibacterial therapy (88.3%) also indicates the need for better awareness of appropriate treatment and prevention of infection. The recurrence that occurred in 16.1% of patients can be an indication of the need for further evaluation of the treatment used and patient compliance with therapy.

Conclusion

Overall, this study provides valuable insights about the characteristics of acute otitis media sufferers in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan and shows that greater attention to risk factors, appropriate treatment, and public education is very important to reduce the incidence and complications related to this disease.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Public Education: Public education programs should be implemented to raise awareness about the symptoms and risk factors of OMA, as well as the importance of seeking medical treatment promptly.
  2. Improved Access to Health Services: Efforts should be made to improve access to health services for vulnerable populations, including those who do not have jobs or have limited education.
  3. Better Awareness of Appropriate Treatment and Prevention: Healthcare providers should be educated about the importance of using appropriate treatment and prevention strategies for OMA, including the use of antibacterial therapy and the importance of patient compliance with therapy.
  4. Further Research: Further research is needed to identify the risk factors associated with OMA and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disease.

By implementing these recommendations, it is hoped that the incidence and complications related to OMA can be reduced, and that patients can receive the best possible care for this disease.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Acute Otitis Media (OMA)

Acute otitis media (OMA) is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with OMA, you may have many questions about the condition, its symptoms, and its treatment. Here are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about OMA, along with their answers:

Q: What is acute otitis media (OMA)?

A: OMA is a sudden infection in the middle ear that lasts in a short time. It is caused by viral infections and bacteria in the mucous membrane in the middle ear.

Q: What are the symptoms of OMA?

A: The symptoms of OMA include hearing loss, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, general malaise, and ear pain. In some cases, patients may also experience a feeling of fullness in the ear or a sensation of pressure in the ear.

Q: Who is at risk for developing OMA?

A: Children tend to be more vulnerable to OMA than adults. Risk factors associated with OMA include age, sex, ethnicity, low birth weight, premature birth, and environmental factors such as lack of breastfeeding, history of ear infections in the family, exposure to cigarette smoke, and the number of children in the family.

Q: How is OMA diagnosed?

A: OMA is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. A healthcare provider may also use a tympanometer to check the middle ear for fluid or other abnormalities.

Q: What is the treatment for OMA?

A: The treatment for OMA typically involves the use of antibacterial therapy, such as antibiotics, to clear up the infection. In some cases, a healthcare provider may also prescribe pain medication or decongestants to help manage symptoms.

Q: Can OMA be prevented?

A: While there is no surefire way to prevent OMA, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing the condition. These include:

  • Getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider
  • Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently
  • Avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke
  • Breastfeeding babies
  • Getting vaccinated against certain infections, such as influenza

Q: What are the complications of OMA?

A: If left untreated, OMA can lead to several complications, including:

  • Labyrinthitis: an infection of the inner ear that can cause hearing loss and balance problems
  • Peripheral facial paralysis: a condition that causes weakness or paralysis of the face
  • Acute mastoiditis: an infection of the mastoid bone that can cause hearing loss and facial paralysis
  • Gradenigo syndrome: a condition that causes a combination of symptoms, including hearing loss, facial paralysis, and eye problems

Q: How long does it take to recover from OMA?

A: The recovery time for OMA can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the effectiveness of treatment. In general, patients can expect to feel better within 7-10 days of starting treatment.

Q: Can OMA be treated at home?

A: While some symptoms of OMA can be managed at home, such as with pain medication and rest, it is generally recommended that patients seek medical attention if they experience any of the following:

  • Severe ear pain
  • Fever over 102°F (39°C)
  • Vomiting or diarrhea
  • Difficulty hearing or speaking
  • Facial paralysis or weakness

By understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of OMA, patients can take steps to manage their condition and reduce the risk of complications. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with OMA, be sure to follow the advice of a healthcare provider and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment.