Characteristics Of Patients Pemphigus Vulgaris At H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan For The Period 2009 - 2013
Characteristics of Patients Pemphigus Vulgaris at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan for the period 2009 - 2013
Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the skin cells, leading to the release of the skin layer and the formation of blisters. The disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against desmoglein 3, a protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the skin. The symptoms of pemphigus vulgaris can range from mild to severe and may include blistering of the skin, mucous membranes, and other organs.
Background and Significance of the Study
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare disease that affects approximately 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. However, the disease is more common in certain regions, such as the Middle East and North Africa. In Indonesia, pemphigus vulgaris is considered a rare disease, and there is limited information available on its epidemiology and characteristics. This study aims to determine the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in the period 2009-2013.
Methodology
The study was conducted at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, a major hospital in Medan, Indonesia. The data was obtained from the medical records of patients with pemphigus vulgaris who were admitted to the hospital during the period of January 2009-December 2013. The study included a total of 21 patients, who were analyzed for their demographic characteristics, including age, sex, ethnicity, occupation, and other relevant factors.
Results
The results of the study showed that the majority of patients with pemphigus vulgaris at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan were male (11 patients) and female (10 patients). The most common age range of patients was 40-60 years (11 patients), followed by <40 years (7 patients) and >60 years (3 patients). In terms of ethnicity, the most patients came from the Batak tribe (10 patients), followed by Javanese (8 patients) and Aceh (3 patients). The most common occupation of patients was entrepreneurs, such as mobile vendors and vendors (8 patients), followed by housewives (5 patients) and farmers (3 patients).
Discussion
The results of the study are consistent with previous studies that have shown that pemphigus vulgaris is more common in middle-aged to older adults. This may be related to factors such as the immune system that decreases with age, as well as long-term exposure to trigger factors such as stress and infection. The dominance of entrepreneurs in this study needs to be further studied to understand the factors that might play a role. For example, is their work involving certain chemical exposure? Is the stress level they experience higher than other jobs?
The percentage of patients from the Batak tribe needs to be further investigated. Are there genetic or environmental factors that may play a role in the prevalence of this disease in the Batak tribe? Further research is needed to understand the factors that play a role in the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. This study can include more detailed data analysis, broader epidemiological studies, and genetic analysis to reveal the factors that contribute to the development of the disease.
Conclusion
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in the period 2009-2013. The results showed that the majority of patients were male and female, with the most common age range being 40-60 years. The most common occupation of patients was entrepreneurs, and the most common ethnicity was Batak. Further research is needed to understand the factors that play a role in the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan.
Recommendation
Further research is needed to understand the factors that play a role in the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. This study can include more detailed data analysis, broader epidemiological studies, and genetic analysis to reveal the factors that contribute to the development of the disease. This information can help health workers to better understand this disease, as well as develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Limitations of the Study
The study had several limitations, including the small sample size and the limited data available on the patients. The study also relied on the medical records of patients, which may not be comprehensive or accurate. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to understand the factors that play a role in the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan.
Future Research Directions
Future research should focus on understanding the factors that contribute to the development of pemphigus vulgaris, including genetic and environmental factors. The study should also include a larger sample size and more comprehensive data on the patients. Additionally, the study should investigate the relationship between pemphigus vulgaris and other autoimmune diseases, as well as the effectiveness of treatment strategies for the disease.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study aimed to determine the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in the period 2009-2013. The results showed that the majority of patients were male and female, with the most common age range being 40-60 years. The most common occupation of patients was entrepreneurs, and the most common ethnicity was Batak. Further research is needed to understand the factors that play a role in the characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Pemphigus Vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is a complex condition that can be challenging to understand and manage. In this article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about pemphigus vulgaris.
Q: What is pemphigus vulgaris?
A: Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against desmoglein 3, a protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the skin.
Q: What are the symptoms of pemphigus vulgaris?
A: The symptoms of pemphigus vulgaris can range from mild to severe and may include:
- Blistering of the skin and mucous membranes
- Painful blisters that can rupture and leave open sores
- Redness and inflammation of the affected areas
- Scarring and skin discoloration
- Difficulty swallowing and speaking due to mucous membrane involvement
Q: What causes pemphigus vulgaris?
A: The exact cause of pemphigus vulgaris is not known, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disease. This means that the immune system mistakenly attacks the skin cells, leading to the release of the skin layer and the formation of blisters.
Q: Who is at risk for developing pemphigus vulgaris?
A: Anyone can develop pemphigus vulgaris, but it is more common in middle-aged to older adults. People with a family history of autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may be at higher risk.
Q: How is pemphigus vulgaris diagnosed?
A: Pemphigus vulgaris is diagnosed based on a combination of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and biopsy results. The diagnosis is typically made by a dermatologist or a rheumatologist.
Q: What is the treatment for pemphigus vulgaris?
A: The treatment for pemphigus vulgaris typically involves a combination of medications, including:
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system
- Immunosuppressive medications to prevent the immune system from attacking the skin cells
- Topical creams and ointments to manage symptoms and prevent scarring
- Biologics, such as rituximab, to target specific proteins involved in the disease
Q: Can pemphigus vulgaris be cured?
A: There is no cure for pemphigus vulgaris, but with proper treatment, it is possible to manage the symptoms and prevent the disease from progressing. In some cases, the disease may go into remission, but it can recur.
Q: How can I prevent pemphigus vulgaris?
A: There is no known way to prevent pemphigus vulgaris, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, may help to reduce the risk of developing the disease.
Q: What is the prognosis for people with pemphigus vulgaris?
A: The prognosis for people with pemphigus vulgaris varies depending on the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. With proper treatment, most people with pemphigus vulgaris can manage their symptoms and prevent the disease from progressing.
Q: Where can I find more information about pemphigus vulgaris?
A: You can find more information about pemphigus vulgaris by visiting the following websites:
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association (AARDA)
- Pemphigus Vulgaris Foundation
Q: What support is available for people with pemphigus vulgaris?
A: There are several organizations that provide support and resources for people with pemphigus vulgaris, including:
- Pemphigus Vulgaris Foundation
- National Psoriasis Foundation
- American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association (AARDA)
These organizations offer a range of services, including education, advocacy, and support groups.