Characteristics Of Hypertension Patients Who Were Hospitalized At Medan Hajj General Hospital In 2015
Introduction
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a non-communicable disease (PTM) that has become a global health problem. It is often referred to as the "silent killer" because many sufferers are not aware of the symptoms they experience. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008, around 1 billion or 40% of the world population aged ≥25 years has been diagnosed with hypertension. The highest prevalence of hypertension is found in African countries with a figure of 46%, while the lowest is in America with 35%. In Indonesia, data from Riskesdas (2013) shows that the prevalence of hypertension reaches 25.8%, a significant number and worth noting.
Background
Hypertension is a major public health concern that requires attention from healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public. The disease is often asymptomatic, making it difficult to diagnose and treat. Early detection and management of hypertension are crucial to prevent complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. In Indonesia, hypertension is a significant health problem, and it is essential to understand the characteristics of patients with hypertension to provide effective preventive measures and improve the quality of treatment in hospitals.
Methodology
This study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the Medan Hajj General Hospital in 2015. The method used is descriptive research with a case series design. A total of 840 patients were included in the study, and a sample of 89 patients was taken. The data collected included demographic information, medical history, and treatment outcomes.
Results
The results of the study showed that the proportion of the highest hypertension sufferers was in the age group ≥45 years as many as 93.3%. The majority of patients were women (58.4%), Muslim (98.9%), and most of them had the latest education at the high school level (45%). As many as 45% of patients were housewives (IRT), and most of them were married (98.9%). In terms of classification, as many as 69.7% of patients experienced 2-degree hypertension, with the main complaint in the form of nausea experienced by 77.5% of patients. The average length of treatment required was 5.38 days, with 38.6% of patients also having a history of type II diabetes mellitus. Most patients (88.8%) were sent home in good condition.
Discussion
The results of this study provide valuable information about the characteristics of patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the Medan Hajj General Hospital in 2015. The study found that the majority of patients were women, Muslim, and had a high school education. The study also found that the majority of patients experienced 2-degree hypertension, with nausea as the main complaint. The average length of treatment required was 5.38 days, and most patients were sent home in good condition.
Conclusion
The study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the Medan Hajj General Hospital in 2015. The results of the study provide valuable information about the demographic characteristics, medical history, and treatment outcomes of patients with hypertension. The study found that the majority of patients were women, Muslim, and had a high school education. The study also found that the majority of patients experienced 2-degree hypertension, with nausea as the main complaint. The average length of treatment required was 5.38 days, and most patients were sent home in good condition.
Recommendations
Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that Medan Hajj General Hospital can be more transparent in providing information to the family about the patient's condition. In addition, it is essential to provide education about prevention so that patients do not experience heavier hypertension in the future. Good management in patient care is very important in maintaining patient health conditions. The hospital is also advised to complete medical record data, including medical history and patients' habits that can be a risk factor for hypertension.
Implications
The study has several implications for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public. The study highlights the importance of early detection and management of hypertension to prevent complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. The study also emphasizes the need for education about prevention to reduce the risk of hypertension in the future. The study provides valuable information about the characteristics of patients with hypertension, which can be used to develop effective preventive measures and improve the quality of treatment in hospitals.
Limitations
The study has several limitations. The study was conducted in a single hospital, and the sample size was relatively small. The study also relied on secondary data, which may not be comprehensive or accurate. Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable information about the characteristics of patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the Medan Hajj General Hospital in 2015.
Future Research Directions
Q: What is hypertension?
A: Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a non-communicable disease (PTM) that has become a global health problem. It is often referred to as the "silent killer" because many sufferers are not aware of the symptoms they experience.
Q: What are the risk factors for hypertension?
A: The risk factors for hypertension include age, sex, family history, obesity, physical inactivity, and a diet high in salt and sugar. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as kidney disease, heart disease, and diabetes can also increase the risk of developing hypertension.
Q: What are the symptoms of hypertension?
A: The symptoms of hypertension can be asymptomatic, making it difficult to diagnose. However, some common symptoms include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Q: What are the complications of hypertension?
A: The complications of hypertension include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss. If left untreated, hypertension can lead to these serious health problems.
Q: How is hypertension diagnosed?
A: Hypertension is diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is considered high blood pressure.
Q: What are the treatment options for hypertension?
A: The treatment options for hypertension include lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, medication, and in some cases, surgery. The goal of treatment is to lower blood pressure and prevent complications.
Q: What is the prognosis for patients with hypertension?
A: The prognosis for patients with hypertension depends on the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, patients with hypertension can manage their condition and prevent complications.
Q: What can be done to prevent hypertension?
A: To prevent hypertension, individuals can make lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. Additionally, individuals with a family history of hypertension or other risk factors should be screened regularly.
Q: What is the role of healthcare professionals in managing hypertension?
A: Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in managing hypertension. They can diagnose and treat hypertension, provide education and support to patients, and monitor patients' progress.
Q: What are the implications of this study for healthcare professionals and policymakers?
A: This study highlights the importance of early detection and management of hypertension to prevent complications. It also emphasizes the need for education about prevention to reduce the risk of hypertension in the future.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: The study has several limitations, including a small sample size and reliance on secondary data. Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable information about the characteristics of patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the Medan Hajj General Hospital in 2015.
Q: What are the future research directions for this study?
A: The study has several future research directions, including further research on the characteristics of patients with hypertension, effective preventive measures, and improving the quality of treatment in hospitals.