Characteristics Of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma At Haji Adam Malik Hospital In 2013-2016

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Introduction

Ovarian cancer is a type of gynecological malignancy that can be life-threatening if left undetected and untreated. It is essential to understand the characteristics of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma to develop effective treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma at Haji Adam Malik Hospital in Medan, Indonesia, during the period of January 2013 to December 2016.

Methodology

This study is a qualitative descriptive study that analyzed data from 42 epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients recorded in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Haji Adam Malik Hospital. The data collected included patient demographics, tumor markers, histopathological examination, disease stage, and surgical procedures.

Results

The results of this study showed that most patients were aged between 41-60 years (66.7%). The majority of patients were also included in the multipara category (38.1%). In terms of tumor markers, 88.1% of patients had Ca-125 levels more than 35, and 50% of patients had RMI (Risk of Malignancy Index) of more than 200. As many as 57.1% of patients were diagnosed with serous adenocarcinoma, and 52.4% were in an advanced stage. Finally, 85.7% of patients underwent laparotomy surgical staging (LSS) surgery.

Discussion

The results of this study provide an important picture of the characteristics of epithelial ovarian carcinoma at Haji Adam Malik Hospital. These results indicate that the majority of patients are middle-aged women with a history of pregnancy and childbirth. The high number of patients with high CA-125 levels and RMI more than 200 shows the importance of early detection and screening of this disease.

The study also highlights the need to increase the completeness of medical record data related to epithelial ovarian carcinoma. More complete and accurate data about RMI, CA-125 levels, histopathological examination, disease stage, and surgery will help in monitoring disease trends, conducting more in-depth analysis, and improving the quality of health services for patients.

Importance of Early Detection

Ovarian cancer is often detected late because the symptoms are not specific and often appear at an advanced stage. Therefore, early detection is very important to increase the chances of healing. Some things that can be done to increase awareness of ovarian cancer include:

Knowing Risk Factors

Risk factors such as age, family history of ovarian cancer, parity, and history of certain diseases can increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Beware of Symptoms

Symptoms that need to be watched out include flatulence, pelvic pain, changes in bowel habits or urination, and decreased appetite. If you feel these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.

Perform Routine Checks

Routine gynecological examination can help detect changes in the reproductive organs, including ovaries.

Conducting a Tumor Marker Examination

Ca-125 level examination can help in early detection of ovarian cancer, although it should be remembered that this examination is not always accurate.

Perform Genetic Screening

For women with family history of ovarian cancer, genetic screening can be done to identify gene mutations that can increase the risk of ovarian cancer.

Conclusion

This study provides important information about the characteristics of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma at Haji Adam Malik Hospital. Improving the quality of medical record data and early detection efforts is very important to increase treatment and treatment results for ovarian cancer. The results of this study can be used as a reference for healthcare providers to develop effective treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Improve the completeness of medical record data related to epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
  • Increase awareness of ovarian cancer among the general public, particularly among women with risk factors.
  • Conduct routine gynecological examinations to detect changes in the reproductive organs, including ovaries.
  • Perform tumor marker examinations, such as Ca-125 level examination, to detect ovarian cancer in its early stages.
  • Conduct genetic screening for women with family history of ovarian cancer to identify gene mutations that can increase the risk of ovarian cancer.

By implementing these recommendations, healthcare providers can improve the quality of health services for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma and increase treatment and treatment results for this disease.

Q: What is Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is a type of cancer that affects the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs. It is the most common type of ovarian cancer and accounts for about 90% of all ovarian cancer cases.

Q: What are the risk factors for Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: The risk factors for epithelial ovarian carcinoma include:

  • Age: The risk of developing ovarian cancer increases with age, especially after the age of 50.
  • Family history: Women with a family history of ovarian cancer are at higher risk of developing the disease.
  • Parity: Women who have never given birth are at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer.
  • History of certain diseases: Women with a history of breast cancer, colon cancer, or endometrial cancer are at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Q: What are the symptoms of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: The symptoms of epithelial ovarian carcinoma can include:

  • Flatulence
  • Pelvic pain
  • Changes in bowel habits or urination
  • Decreased appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Abdominal swelling

Q: How is Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma diagnosed?

A: Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. The diagnosis is typically made through:

  • Pelvic examination
  • Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
  • Laboratory tests such as blood tests to check for tumor markers, such as Ca-125

Q: What are the treatment options for Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: The treatment options for epithelial ovarian carcinoma depend on the stage and severity of the disease. The treatment options include:

  • Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor and affected organs
  • Chemotherapy: Use of medications to kill cancer cells
  • Radiation therapy: Use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells
  • Targeted therapy: Use of medications to target specific cancer cells

Q: What is the prognosis for Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: The prognosis for epithelial ovarian carcinoma depends on the stage and severity of the disease. The prognosis is generally poor for women with advanced-stage disease, but early detection and treatment can improve the chances of survival.

Q: How can Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma be prevented?

A: Epithelial ovarian carcinoma cannot be prevented, but early detection and treatment can improve the chances of survival. Women at high risk of developing ovarian cancer can take steps to reduce their risk, such as:

  • Performing routine gynecological examinations
  • Getting regular Pap tests
  • Getting regular mammograms
  • Avoiding hormone replacement therapy

Q: What is the role of genetic screening in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: Genetic screening can help identify women with a genetic mutation that increases their risk of developing ovarian cancer. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer should consider genetic screening to determine their risk.

Q: What is the importance of early detection in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: Early detection is crucial in the treatment and management of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Early detection can improve the chances of survival and reduce the risk of complications.

Q: What are the challenges in diagnosing and treating Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma?

A: The challenges in diagnosing and treating epithelial ovarian carcinoma include:

  • Lack of specific symptoms
  • Difficulty in detecting the disease in its early stages
  • Limited treatment options for advanced-stage disease
  • High risk of recurrence

Q: What is the future of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma research?

A: Research is ongoing to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and management of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Some of the areas of research include:

  • Development of new diagnostic tests
  • Development of new treatment options
  • Investigation of the role of genetic mutations in the development of ovarian cancer
  • Investigation of the role of lifestyle factors in the development of ovarian cancer