Characteristics Of Diabetic Ulcer Patients At Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan Period January 2017 - May 2019

by ADMIN 123 views

Characteristics of Diabetic Ulcer Patients at Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan Period January 2017 - May 2019

Diabetic ulcers are a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting approximately 15% of all diabetics. These ulcers are often caused by peripheral neuropathy and somatic neuropathy, which reduce sensation in the legs, leading to callus formation. Additionally, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) contributes to diabetic ulcers by creating ischemia in the legs. This study aims to determine the characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients at the Central General Hospital (RSUP) Adam Malik during the period January 2017 to May 2019, based on existing risk factors.

Research Methodology

This study employed a descriptive method with a cross-sectional design. The data used was secondary data taken from the medical records of diabetic ulcer patients at the Adam Malik Hajj Hospital. The research population consisted of all diabetic ulcer patients treated during 2017 to 2019. The sampling technique used was total sampling, which involved all patients who met the inclusion criteria.

Results and Analysis

The results showed that diabetic ulcer patients were predominantly in the age group 41-59 years, accounting for 59.8% of the total patients. In terms of sex, the proportion of male patients was slightly higher, at 54.7%, compared to female patients, who accounted for 45.3%. Analysis based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) revealed that most patients, namely 63.3%, were classified as overweight, while 33.3% were in the Normoweight category, and 3.4% experienced underweight.

The duration of diabetes mellitus also showed an attractive pattern, with 39.3% of patients suffering from DM for less than 5 years, 41% between 5-10 years, and 19.7% more than 10 years. Another significant risk factor was diabetic neuropathy, suffered by 86.3% of patients, and hyperlipidemia, which occurred in 77.8% of patients. In addition, 70.1% of patients also had a history of hypertension, and 66.7% experienced ulcers due to trauma.

Risk Factors and Complications

The presence of risk factors such as diabetic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension highlights the importance of early detection and risk management in DM patients to prevent further complications such as diabetic ulcers. Diabetic neuropathy, in particular, is a significant risk factor, as it can lead to reduced sensation in the legs, making patients more susceptible to callus formation and ulcers.

Implications for Healthcare Providers

Understanding the characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients is crucial for healthcare providers to design more effective and comprehensive interventions in the treatment of diabetes patients, especially those who are at high risk of developing ulcers. By identifying the dominant risk factors and characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients, healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions to prevent further complications and improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the main characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients in Adam Malik Hajj Hospital are men aged between 41-59 years, with dominant risk factors including diabetic neuropathy. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and risk management in DM patients to prevent further complications such as diabetic ulcers.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Healthcare providers should prioritize early detection and risk management in DM patients to prevent further complications such as diabetic ulcers.
  • Targeted interventions should be developed to address the dominant risk factors, including diabetic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.
  • Healthcare providers should educate patients on the importance of regular foot care and the prevention of callus formation to reduce the risk of developing ulcers.

Limitations

This study had several limitations, including the use of secondary data and the limited sample size. Future studies should aim to collect primary data and include a larger sample size to increase the generalizability of the findings.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on developing targeted interventions to address the dominant risk factors and characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients. Additionally, studies should aim to explore the effectiveness of early detection and risk management strategies in preventing further complications such as diabetic ulcers.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients at the Adam Malik Hajj Hospital during the period January 2017 to May 2019. The findings highlight the importance of early detection and risk management in DM patients to prevent further complications such as diabetic ulcers. By understanding the patient's characteristics, healthcare providers can design more effective and comprehensive interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Diabetic Ulcer Patients

Diabetic ulcers are a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting approximately 15% of all diabetics. These ulcers are often caused by peripheral neuropathy and somatic neuropathy, which reduce sensation in the legs, leading to callus formation. Additionally, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) contributes to diabetic ulcers by creating ischemia in the legs. In this article, we will address some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about diabetic ulcer patients.

Q: What are the common characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients?

A: The common characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients include:

  • Age: 41-59 years
  • Sex: Male (54.7%) and female (45.3%)
  • Body Mass Index (BMI): Overweight (63.3%), Normoweight (33.3%), and underweight (3.4%)
  • Duration of diabetes mellitus: Less than 5 years (39.3%), 5-10 years (41%), and more than 10 years (19.7%)
  • Risk factors: Diabetic neuropathy (86.3%), hyperlipidemia (77.8%), hypertension (70.1%), and ulcers due to trauma (66.7%)

Q: What are the risk factors for developing diabetic ulcers?

A: The risk factors for developing diabetic ulcers include:

  • Diabetic neuropathy
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Hypertension
  • Ulcers due to trauma
  • Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
  • Reduced sensation in the legs
  • Callus formation

Q: How can diabetic ulcer patients prevent further complications?

A: Diabetic ulcer patients can prevent further complications by:

  • Practicing regular foot care
  • Preventing callus formation
  • Managing risk factors such as diabetic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
  • Following a healthy diet and exercise routine
  • Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly
  • Attending regular check-ups with healthcare providers

Q: What are the implications for healthcare providers?

A: Healthcare providers should:

  • Prioritize early detection and risk management in DM patients to prevent further complications such as diabetic ulcers
  • Develop targeted interventions to address the dominant risk factors, including diabetic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
  • Educate patients on the importance of regular foot care and the prevention of callus formation
  • Provide regular check-ups and monitoring to prevent further complications

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include:

  • The use of secondary data
  • The limited sample size
  • The lack of primary data collection

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should focus on:

  • Developing targeted interventions to address the dominant risk factors and characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients
  • Exploring the effectiveness of early detection and risk management strategies in preventing further complications such as diabetic ulcers
  • Collecting primary data to increase the generalizability of the findings

Q: What are the conclusions of this study?

A: The conclusions of this study are:

  • The main characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients in Adam Malik Hajj Hospital are men aged between 41-59 years, with dominant risk factors including diabetic neuropathy.
  • Early detection and risk management in DM patients are crucial to prevent further complications such as diabetic ulcers.
  • Healthcare providers should prioritize early detection and risk management, and develop targeted interventions to address the dominant risk factors and characteristics of diabetic ulcer patients.