Characteristics Of Akuminata Condyloma Patients In Anogenital With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) At Adam Malik Hospital Medan Medan Period January 2012 - December 2017

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Characteristics of Akuminata Condyloma Patients in Anogenital with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at Adam Malik Hospital Medan Medan Period January 2012 - December 2017

Introduction

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Akuminata Condyloma (KA) are two significant health concerns that affect millions of people worldwide. KA, also known as genital warts, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 6 and 11. This disease is characterized by the presence of papules or papillomatous nodules on the mucous membranes or skin in the genital area, perineum, and anus. The transmission of this virus occurs through sexual contact, including genito-genital, oro-genital, and genito-anal relations.

Research Purpose

This study aims to understand the characteristics of patients with Akuminata Condyloma infected with HIV at the SMF Skin and Gender Health Sciences Sexually Sexual Infection Division Adam Malik Hospital Medan during the period of 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. The research method used is a retrospective description, which involves analyzing patient medical records.

Research Methodology

The study involved analyzing the medical records of patients with Akuminata Condyloma who were also positive for HIV. The data collected included demographic information, such as age, sex, and sexual orientation, as well as information about the location and shape of the lesions, and the number of sexual partners.

Research Results

The study found that there were 39 patients with Akuminata Condyloma who were also positive for HIV. The majority of patients were in the age group of 26-35 years, with 16 people (41.0%) in this category. Male sex dominated, with 34 people (87.2%) of the total cases. The location of the lesion was also a concern, with the perianal area being the most common location, affecting 21 people (53.8%). In terms of shape, 15 patients (38.5%) had a large form of condyloma akuminata (giant). When viewed based on sexual orientation, homosexual groups included 17 people (43.6%). The number of sexual partners was also an important factor, with 28 people (71.8%) having more than one sexual partner. Based on the assessment of the number of CD4+, 19 patients (48.7%) showed a level between 500-200 cells.

Analysis and Explanation

The results of this study provide a clear picture of the characteristics of patients with condyloma akuminata in individuals infected with HIV. The data shows that the high risk of exposure to this infection is more common in young men, especially those who have many sexual partners. This highlights the need for education and awareness of safe sex practices, as well as the importance of screening and appropriate treatment for this group of population.

Akuminata condyloma can increase the burden of disease in HIV patients, where this infection can cause further complications and affect the quality of life. Therefore, preventive programs that are more targeting risk groups, especially in urban areas with a high number of HIV patients, are very important to reduce the prevalence of these two infections.

Conclusion

This study confirms that in Adam Malik Haji Hospital, there are 39 cases of condyloma akuminata accompanied by HIV, the majority of patients aged 26-35 years, male, with a common perianal location, and more occur in homosexual groups with more sexual partners from one. Understanding this characteristic is the first step to develop a more effective prevention strategy and better health services for patients.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Education and Awareness: There is a need for education and awareness of safe sex practices, particularly among young men who have multiple sexual partners.
  2. Screening and Treatment: Regular screening and appropriate treatment for condyloma akuminata are essential for preventing further complications and improving the quality of life for HIV patients.
  3. Preventive Programs: Preventive programs that target risk groups, especially in urban areas with a high number of HIV patients, are crucial for reducing the prevalence of these two infections.
  4. Health Services: Better health services, including counseling and support, are necessary for patients with condyloma akuminata and HIV.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. Small Sample Size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  2. Retrospective Design: The study used a retrospective design, which may be subject to recall bias and other limitations.
  3. Limited Data: The data collected was limited to patient medical records, which may not provide a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of patients with condyloma akuminata and HIV.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to:

  1. Increase Sample Size: Increase the sample size to improve the generalizability of the findings.
  2. Use Prospective Design: Use a prospective design to reduce the risk of recall bias and other limitations.
  3. Collect More Data: Collect more data, including demographic information, behavioral data, and clinical data, to provide a more comprehensive picture of the characteristics of patients with condyloma akuminata and HIV.

By understanding the characteristics of patients with condyloma akuminata and HIV, healthcare providers can develop more effective prevention strategies and better health services for these patients.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Akuminata Condyloma and HIV

Q: What is Akuminata Condyloma?

A: Akuminata Condyloma, also known as genital warts, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 6 and 11. It is characterized by the presence of papules or papillomatous nodules on the mucous membranes or skin in the genital area, perineum, and anus.

Q: How is Akuminata Condyloma transmitted?

A: Akuminata Condyloma is transmitted through sexual contact, including genito-genital, oro-genital, and genito-anal relations. It can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.

Q: What are the symptoms of Akuminata Condyloma?

A: The symptoms of Akuminata Condyloma can vary depending on the individual, but common symptoms include:

  • Papules or papillomatous nodules on the genital area, perineum, and anus
  • Itching or burning sensation in the genital area
  • Bleeding or discharge from the genital area
  • Pain or discomfort during urination or bowel movements

Q: Can Akuminata Condyloma be treated?

A: Yes, Akuminata Condyloma can be treated with various methods, including:

  • Topical creams or ointments
  • Cryotherapy (freezing the lesions)
  • Laser therapy
  • Surgical removal of the lesions
  • Antiviral medications

Q: Can Akuminata Condyloma increase the risk of HIV?

A: Yes, Akuminata Condyloma can increase the risk of HIV transmission. Studies have shown that individuals with genital warts are more likely to acquire HIV through sexual contact.

Q: Can HIV increase the risk of Akuminata Condyloma?

A: Yes, HIV can increase the risk of Akuminata Condyloma. Individuals with HIV are more susceptible to HPV infection, which can lead to the development of genital warts.

Q: How can I prevent Akuminata Condyloma and HIV?

A: To prevent Akuminata Condyloma and HIV, follow these guidelines:

  • Practice safe sex by using condoms or other barrier methods
  • Get tested for STIs, including HPV and HIV
  • Avoid skin-to-skin contact with an infected person
  • Get vaccinated against HPV (for individuals aged 9-26 years)
  • Use antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress HIV viral load (for individuals with HIV)

Q: What are the risk factors for Akuminata Condyloma and HIV?

A: The risk factors for Akuminata Condyloma and HIV include:

  • Young age (15-24 years)
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • History of STIs
  • HIV infection
  • Weakened immune system
  • Poor hygiene and sanitation

Q: How can I get tested for Akuminata Condyloma and HIV?

A: To get tested for Akuminata Condyloma and HIV, visit a healthcare provider or a local health clinic. They will perform a physical examination, take a medical history, and conduct laboratory tests to diagnose the infection.

Q: What are the treatment options for Akuminata Condyloma and HIV?

A: The treatment options for Akuminata Condyloma and HIV include:

  • Topical creams or ointments for Akuminata Condyloma
  • Antiviral medications for HIV
  • ART for HIV
  • Surgical removal of the lesions for Akuminata Condyloma
  • Laser therapy for Akuminata Condyloma

Q: Can Akuminata Condyloma and HIV be cured?

A: Akuminata Condyloma can be treated and cured with various methods, but HIV is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment with ART. While ART can suppress the viral load, it cannot cure HIV.