Bioactivity Analysis Of Irrigation Materials Lerak Fruit Extract (Sapindus Rarak DC) To Pathogenesis Of Fusobacterium Nucleatum (Hydrophobicity Test Study, Destructive Enzyme Test, And Fracture Resistance Test) (In Vitro Research)

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Bioactivity Analysis of Irrigation Materials Lerak Fruit Extract (Sapindus Rarak DC) to the Pathogenesis of Fusobacterium Nucleatum

Introduction

Irrigation plays a crucial role in endodontic treatment, and the optimal irrigation material is a combination of two or several solutions to achieve the desired goal. However, until now, there has not been any irrigation material that meets all expected standards. The most commonly used irrigation solution is NaOCl, but it often faces several obstacles, such as its cytotoxic properties that can damage vital tissue, unpleasant aroma, and the risk of demonalization of dentin, which has the potential to reduce dental mechanical strength. Recent research has led attention to the use of lerak fruit extract as an alternative in the practice of dentistry, especially for irrigation of root canal. Lerak fruit has been proven to contain antibacterial and antifungal properties that can function in controlling the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the root canal.

Background

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a type of bacteria that is commonly found in the oral cavity and is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various dental diseases. The bacteria have the ability to adhere to the tooth surface and cause inflammation, leading to the destruction of the periodontal tissue. In addition, Fusobacterium nucleatum has been shown to have a strong association with the development of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. The bacteria have also been linked to the development of various other diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Objectives

The main objective of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material in endodontic treatment. Specifically, the study aimed to:

  • Evaluate the ability of lerak fruit extract to inhibit the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum
  • Assess the effect of lerak fruit extract on the expression of destructive enzymes by Fusobacterium nucleatum
  • Investigate the effect of lerak fruit extract on the fracture resistance of dentin

Methodology

This study was an experimental study with post-test groups only. The irrigation materials used in this study included:

  • Lerak fruit extract at a concentration of 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%
  • 2.5% NaOCl combined with 17% EDTA
  • Saline as a control

The bioactivity test included hydrophobicity testing and assessment of the expression of the destructive enzymes of Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria. In addition, the fracture resistance test was carried out after treatment in a period of 24, 48, and 72 hours using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM).

Results

The results of this study indicate that lerak fruit extract has the ability to be proportional to other synthetic irrigation solutions in suppressing the expression of the destructive enzymes of Fusobacterium nucleatum. All concentrations of lerak extract succeeded in inhibiting the activity of the bacterial hydrophobicity. Interestingly, the results of the fracture resistance test show that both the concentration of materials and incubation time does not have a significant effect on the dentin strength tested.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that lerak fruit extract has the potential as an effective alternative irrigation material in endodontic treatment. In addition to its ability to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria, another advantage of this extract is the possibility of lower cytotoxic properties when compared to NaOCl. This is an important step for the development of safer and effective therapy in the field of dentistry, especially related to root canal care.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides evidence that lerak fruit extract has the potential as an effective alternative irrigation material in endodontic treatment. Further research is still needed to explore further effectiveness and mechanism of action of lerak fruit extract in a clinical context.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Lerak fruit extract should be further investigated as an alternative irrigation material in endodontic treatment
  • Further studies should be conducted to explore the mechanism of action of lerak fruit extract in controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria
  • The cytotoxic properties of lerak fruit extract should be further investigated to determine its safety profile

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The study was conducted in vitro, and further studies should be conducted in vivo to confirm the results
  • The study only investigated the effect of lerak fruit extract on Fusobacterium nucleatum, and further studies should be conducted to investigate its effect on other types of bacteria
  • The study only investigated the effect of lerak fruit extract on the fracture resistance of dentin, and further studies should be conducted to investigate its effect on other properties of dentin.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for further research on the use of lerak fruit extract as an alternative irrigation material in endodontic treatment. Future studies should be conducted to explore further effectiveness and mechanism of action of lerak fruit extract in a clinical context. Additionally, further studies should be conducted to investigate the cytotoxic properties of lerak fruit extract and its safety profile.
Q&A: Bioactivity Analysis of Irrigation Materials Lerak Fruit Extract (Sapindus Rarak DC) to the Pathogenesis of Fusobacterium Nucleatum

Q: What is the main objective of this study?

A: The main objective of this study is to investigate the bioactivity of lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material in endodontic treatment, specifically to evaluate its ability to inhibit the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, assess its effect on the expression of destructive enzymes by Fusobacterium nucleatum, and investigate its effect on the fracture resistance of dentin.

Q: What are the benefits of using lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material?

A: The benefits of using lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material include its ability to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria, lower cytotoxic properties compared to NaOCl, and potential to be a safer and more effective therapy in the field of dentistry, especially related to root canal care.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the fact that it was conducted in vitro, and further studies should be conducted in vivo to confirm the results. Additionally, the study only investigated the effect of lerak fruit extract on Fusobacterium nucleatum, and further studies should be conducted to investigate its effect on other types of bacteria. The study also only investigated the effect of lerak fruit extract on the fracture resistance of dentin, and further studies should be conducted to investigate its effect on other properties of dentin.

Q: What are the future directions for this research?

A: The future directions for this research include further studies to explore the effectiveness and mechanism of action of lerak fruit extract in a clinical context. Additionally, further studies should be conducted to investigate the cytotoxic properties of lerak fruit extract and its safety profile.

Q: What are the potential applications of this research?

A: The potential applications of this research include the development of safer and more effective irrigation materials for endodontic treatment, and the potential to reduce the risk of complications associated with root canal treatment.

Q: What are the implications of this research for the field of dentistry?

A: The implications of this research for the field of dentistry include the potential to develop new and more effective irrigation materials for endodontic treatment, and the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of complications associated with root canal treatment.

Q: What are the next steps for this research?

A: The next steps for this research include further studies to confirm the results of this study, and to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of action of lerak fruit extract in a clinical context. Additionally, further studies should be conducted to investigate the cytotoxic properties of lerak fruit extract and its safety profile.

Q: What are the potential risks associated with using lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material?

A: The potential risks associated with using lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material include the possibility of allergic reactions or other adverse effects, and the potential for interactions with other medications or medical conditions.

Q: How can lerak fruit extract be used as an irrigation material?

A: Lerak fruit extract can be used as an irrigation material by dissolving it in a solution and using it to irrigate the root canal. The concentration of lerak fruit extract used should be determined based on the specific needs of the patient and the type of bacteria being treated.

Q: What are the advantages of using lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material compared to other irrigation materials?

A: The advantages of using lerak fruit extract as an irrigation material compared to other irrigation materials include its ability to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria, lower cytotoxic properties compared to NaOCl, and potential to be a safer and more effective therapy in the field of dentistry, especially related to root canal care.