Antibacterial Effects Of Ethanol Extract Mangosteen Fruit Skin (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bacteria As An Alternative Ingredient For The Medical Of The Root Canal (in Vitro)

Feb 27, 2025 by ADMIN 204 views

Antibacterial Effects of Ethanol Extract Mangosteen Fruit Skin (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bacteria as an Alternative Ingredient for the Medical of the Root Canal (in vitro)

Introduction

The root canal treatment is a crucial step in removing bacteria from the root canal, but one of the concerns is Porphyromonas gingivalis, which plays a significant role in the initiation of the combined lesion between endodontic and periodontic. Despite various methods and materials used to eliminate microorganisms, perfect elimination is often difficult to achieve. Therefore, effective medical materials are needed to overcome this challenge. Calcium hydroxide is the most common medical material, but it has some weaknesses and is not effective enough for P. gingivalis. In this context, mangosteen rind extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) appears as an interesting alternative due to the content of active compounds that are antibacterial.

Background

Mangosteen fruit skin has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, particularly in Southeast Asia, due to its potential health benefits. The fruit skin contains various active compounds, including xanthones, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which are known to have antibacterial activity. These compounds have been shown to have potential in treating various diseases, including dental infections. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the antibacterial effects of ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin against P. gingivalis bacteria.

Methodology

This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the ethanol extract of mangosteen peel against P. gingivalis bacteria by finding the minimum inhibitory concentration value (KHM). The process begins with 300 grams of mangosteen rind extraction using 70% ethanol solvent, which produces 70 grams of thick extract. Testing the antibacterial effects is carried out by disc diffusion methods using various extract concentrations, namely 0.195%, 0.0975%, 0.0487%, 0.0243%, 0.0121%, and 0.006%. Each concentration is replicated four times, and P. gingivalis is spread on the agar brucella media. The extract is placed on a 6mm diameter disc paper, and then incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. The clear zone formed around the disc is measured using a caliper to determine the effectiveness of the extract.

Results

The results showed that concentrations of 0.195%, 0.0975%, 0.0487%, and 0.0243% had strong antibacterial activity. The 0.0121% concentration shows moderate activity and is the lowest concentration that still shows the presence of an inhibitory zone. From this data, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin has a significant antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis, with a KHM value at a concentration of 0.0121%.

Discussion

This discovery indicates the potential of mangosteen fruit skin extract as an alternative ingredient in the treatment of dental root channels. The advantage of this extract lies in the nature and diversity of active compounds contained in it, such as xanthones, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which are known to have antibacterial activity. With the increase in resistance to conventional antibiotics, the search for natural alternatives such as mangosteen peel extracts is increasingly important.

Although the results of the study show promising effectiveness, several aspects need to be considered for further development. For example, further research is needed to evaluate the safety of the use of this extract in clinical practice, as well as its effect on the surrounding tissue. Further research can also include in vivo testing and deeper studies of the action mechanisms of active compounds in mangosteen peel extracts.

Conclusion

With greater attention to alternative treatment methods and nature-based, mangosteen peel extract can be a step forward in the treatment of endodontic infections, especially those caused by P. gingivalis. Further research will provide valuable insight into the applicative potential of this material in the field of dentistry.

Future Directions

Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mangosteen peel extract in clinical practice. In vivo testing and deeper studies of the action mechanisms of active compounds in mangosteen peel extracts are also necessary to fully understand its potential as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including the use of a single concentration of mangosteen peel extract and the lack of in vivo testing. Further research is needed to overcome these limitations and to fully understand the potential of mangosteen peel extract as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of mangosteen fruit skin extract as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal. The results show that the ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin has a significant antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis, with a KHM value at a concentration of 0.0121%. Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mangosteen peel extract in clinical practice and to fully understand its potential as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal.
Q&A: Antibacterial Effects of Ethanol Extract Mangosteen Fruit Skin (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bacteria

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin against Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal.

Q: What is the significance of this study?

A: This study is significant because it provides a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics, which are becoming increasingly resistant to bacteria. The ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin has been shown to have antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of endodontic infections.

Q: What are the active compounds in mangosteen fruit skin that contribute to its antibacterial activity?

A: The active compounds in mangosteen fruit skin that contribute to its antibacterial activity include xanthones, flavonoids, and polyphenols. These compounds have been shown to have antibacterial activity against various bacteria, including P. gingivalis.

Q: How was the ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin prepared?

A: The ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin was prepared by extracting 300 grams of mangosteen rind using 70% ethanol solvent, resulting in 70 grams of thick extract.

Q: What was the concentration of the ethanol extract used in the study?

A: The concentrations of the ethanol extract used in the study were 0.195%, 0.0975%, 0.0487%, 0.0243%, 0.0121%, and 0.006%.

Q: What was the method used to test the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract?

A: The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was tested using the disc diffusion method. The extract was placed on a 6mm diameter disc paper, and then incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. The clear zone formed around the disc was measured using a caliper to determine the effectiveness of the extract.

Q: What were the results of the study?

A: The results of the study showed that concentrations of 0.195%, 0.0975%, 0.0487%, and 0.0243% had strong antibacterial activity. The 0.0121% concentration showed moderate activity and was the lowest concentration that still showed the presence of an inhibitory zone.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are that the ethanol extract of mangosteen fruit skin has potential as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal. Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this extract in clinical practice.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the use of a single concentration of mangosteen peel extract and the lack of in vivo testing. Further research is needed to overcome these limitations and to fully understand the potential of mangosteen peel extract as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal.

Additional Questions and Answers

Q: Can mangosteen peel extract be used as a replacement for conventional antibiotics?

A: While mangosteen peel extract has shown promise as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, further research is needed to determine its safety and efficacy in clinical practice.

Q: How does mangosteen peel extract compare to other natural antibacterial agents?

A: Mangosteen peel extract has been shown to have antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of endodontic infections. However, further research is needed to compare its efficacy to other natural antibacterial agents.

Q: Can mangosteen peel extract be used to treat other types of infections?

A: While this study focused on the antibacterial activity of mangosteen peel extract against P. gingivalis, further research is needed to determine its efficacy against other types of infections.

Q: What are the potential side effects of using mangosteen peel extract as an alternative ingredient for the medical of the root canal?

A: Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mangosteen peel extract in clinical practice. Potential side effects may include allergic reactions, interactions with other medications, and effects on the surrounding tissue.