Analysis Of The Effect Of Smear Zone On Decreased And Time Of Consolidation Of Belawan Phase II Reclamation Projects With 2D And 3D Plaxis

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Introduction

In the field of geotechnics, reclamation projects are crucial for increasing land area and supporting urban development. However, the process of reclamation can be complex and time-consuming, especially when dealing with soft soils. To overcome this challenge, preloading and vertical drainage methods are widely used to increase the soft shear strength of the soil. One of the innovations in the vertical drainage system is the use of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs), which are installed to drain trapped water due to the consolidation process.

The Importance of Smear Zone in Reclamation Projects

The Smear Zone is an area around a vertical drainage where the physical properties of the soil change due to drain installation. The impact of the smear zone is often ignored, but it is very important for more accurate results in the consolidation process. The smear zone can affect the settlement of the soil and the time required for consolidation, which can lead to inaccurate estimates and potential risks in the reclamation project.

Methodology

This analysis aims to compare the amount of decline recorded in the Settlement Plate in the Belawan Phase II container reclamation project with modeling using 2D and 3D Plaxis software, both with and without taking into account the smear zone effect. The results of the analysis will show the impact of the smear zone on the settlement of the soil and the time required for consolidation.

Results

The results of the analysis show that in 2D Plaxis modeling, land decreases taking into account the effects of the smear zone are 1.922 meters, while without taking into account the smear zone is 2,288 meters. On the other hand, 3D Plaxis modeling gives a slightly better decrease with 1,930 meters for models that take into account the smear zone and 2,077 meters for the not. The decline recorded in the field based on data settlement plate-03 was 1.992 meters, which shows that 3D modeling with smear zone gives closer results with field conditions.

In terms of consolidation time, 2D Plaxis modeling shows that it takes 87 days to decrease 1 meter when calculating the smear zone, and 75 days without calculating it. 3D modeling shows a similar result, with a consolidation time of 80 days for a model that calculates the effect of the smear zone, while without taking into account the effect takes 63 days. In the field, the consolidation time required to decrease 1 meter based on data settlement plate-03 is 58 days.

Discussion

Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that 3D Plaxis modeling takes into account the effects of the smear zone gives the most closely the actual conditions in the field. This indicates that the effect of the smear zone has a significant role in the consolidation process and the time needed to achieve soil stability. Neglect of the effects of smear zone can cause inaccurate estimates, both in terms of land decline and consolidation time. Therefore, it is important for civilian engineers and geotechnics to consider this effect in the planning and analysis of reclamation projects.

Conclusion

By understanding the effect of smear zone, the reclamation process as carried out in Belawan Phase II can be done more efficiently, thereby reducing the risk of loss and ensuring the continuity of sustainable projects. It can also provide valuable information for similar projects in the future, helping planning and better implementation.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this analysis, the following recommendations are made:

  • Civilian engineers and geotechnics should consider the effect of smear zone in the planning and analysis of reclamation projects.
  • 3D Plaxis modeling should be used to take into account the effects of the smear zone for more accurate results.
  • The reclamation process should be done more efficiently to reduce the risk of loss and ensure the continuity of sustainable projects.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

  • Investigating the effect of smear zone on other types of reclamation projects.
  • Developing new methods to take into account the effects of smear zone in reclamation projects.
  • Conducting further analysis to validate the findings of this study.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The analysis was limited to the Belawan Phase II reclamation project.
  • The study only considered the effect of smear zone on settlement and consolidation time.
  • The study did not consider other factors that may affect the reclamation process.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering the effect of smear zone in reclamation projects. The results of the analysis show that 3D Plaxis modeling takes into account the effects of the smear zone gives the most closely the actual conditions in the field. Therefore, it is recommended that civilian engineers and geotechnics consider this effect in the planning and analysis of reclamation projects.

Q: What is the Smear Zone?

A: The Smear Zone is an area around a vertical drainage where the physical properties of the soil change due to drain installation. The impact of the smear zone is often ignored, but it is very important for more accurate results in the consolidation process.

Q: Why is the Smear Zone important in reclamation projects?

A: The Smear Zone can affect the settlement of the soil and the time required for consolidation, which can lead to inaccurate estimates and potential risks in the reclamation project. Therefore, it is essential to consider the effect of the smear zone in the planning and analysis of reclamation projects.

Q: What is the difference between 2D and 3D Plaxis modeling?

A: 2D Plaxis modeling is a two-dimensional analysis that takes into account the effects of the smear zone, while 3D Plaxis modeling is a three-dimensional analysis that also takes into account the effects of the smear zone. The results of the analysis show that 3D Plaxis modeling gives more accurate results than 2D Plaxis modeling.

Q: How does the Smear Zone affect the settlement of the soil?

A: The Smear Zone can cause the soil to settle more quickly, which can lead to inaccurate estimates of the settlement of the soil. Therefore, it is essential to consider the effect of the smear zone in the planning and analysis of reclamation projects.

Q: What is the significance of the consolidation time in reclamation projects?

A: The consolidation time is the time required for the soil to settle and become stable. The consolidation time is crucial in reclamation projects as it affects the stability of the soil and the structure built on it.

Q: How can the effect of the Smear Zone be taken into account in reclamation projects?

A: The effect of the Smear Zone can be taken into account by using 3D Plaxis modeling, which takes into account the effects of the smear zone. Additionally, the reclamation process should be done more efficiently to reduce the risk of loss and ensure the continuity of sustainable projects.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study has several limitations, including the analysis was limited to the Belawan Phase II reclamation project, the study only considered the effect of smear zone on settlement and consolidation time, and the study did not consider other factors that may affect the reclamation process.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research directions include investigating the effect of smear zone on other types of reclamation projects, developing new methods to take into account the effects of smear zone in reclamation projects, and conducting further analysis to validate the findings of this study.

Q: What are the recommendations for civilian engineers and geotechnics?

A: Civilian engineers and geotechnics should consider the effect of smear zone in the planning and analysis of reclamation projects. 3D Plaxis modeling should be used to take into account the effects of the smear zone for more accurate results. The reclamation process should be done more efficiently to reduce the risk of loss and ensure the continuity of sustainable projects.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are that the effect of smear zone has a significant role in the consolidation process and the time needed to achieve soil stability. Neglect of the effects of smear zone can cause inaccurate estimates, both in terms of land decline and consolidation time. Therefore, it is essential to consider the effect of smear zone in the planning and analysis of reclamation projects.