Analysis Of Predisposing, Enabling And Reinforcing Factors Against The Actions Of Dog Owners In Preventing Rabies Through The Bite Of Rabies (HPR) In Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency

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Analysis of Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors Against the Actions of Dog Owners in Preventing Rabies through the Bite of Rabies (HPR) in Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency

Introduction

Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that affects the nervous system of mammals, including humans. The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, and it is a significant public health concern in many parts of the world, including Indonesia. In Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency, the number of cases of Rabies Infectious Animal Bite (GHPR) and Lyssa disease has been increasing, with a significant rise of 4.1% between 2010 and 2011. This study aims to analyze the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that affect the actions of dog owners in preventing the spread of rabies through the bite of infected animals.

Research Approach

This study uses a fast survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The research population covers all 392 dog owners in Tarutung District, and of that number, 210 dog owners were chosen as samples. Data was collected through interviews and observations using a questionnaire, which was then analyzed by the univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods using logistics regression with a significance level of α = 0.05.

Predisposing Factors

Predisposing factors are the characteristics of dog owners that influence their behavior and actions in preventing rabies. The results of this study show that the attitude and knowledge of dog owners are significant predisposing factors. Dog owners with a positive attitude towards animal health and a good understanding of rabies are more likely to create greater awareness of the dangers of rabies. Good knowledge of the symptoms of rabies and prevention methods can increase the involvement of dog owners in prevention efforts.

Enabling Factors

Enabling factors are the resources and opportunities that facilitate the actions of dog owners in preventing rabies. The results of this study show that access to appropriate and accurate information plays an important role in creating a supportive environment. Sources of information can come from counseling, mass media, to direct interaction with health workers. Information that is easily accessed makes dog owners more likely to apply the necessary precautions.

Reinforcing Factors

Reinforcing factors are the social and environmental factors that support and encourage the actions of dog owners in preventing rabies. The results of this study show that when people and local authorities are active in encouraging preventive measures, dog owners tend to be more disciplined in protecting their pets.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this analysis, several steps are recommended to increase rabies prevention measures in Tarutung District:

  1. Improvement of Counseling: The government and the Health Office, together with the Animal Husbandry Office, must implement a more intensive and sustainable extension program regarding the dangers of rabies. This counseling should involve dog owners directly.
  2. Information Socialization: The Health Office and Animal Husbandry Service need to multiply information channels about rabies in various forms, such as posters, local media, and broadcasts on local radio, to increase public awareness and knowledge.
  3. Periodic Vaccination: There needs to be an increase in the dog vaccination program which is carried out periodically by the Animal Husbandry Service, so that all dog owners can follow it and make the prevention of rabies more effective.

Conclusion

Through these steps, it is hoped that the Rabies case in Tarutung District can be minimized, and the community can be better prepared in facing the threat of this disease. Extension and proper support can have a positive impact on public health and pets.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations. Firstly, the study only focuses on dog owners in Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency, and may not be generalizable to other areas. Secondly, the study relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to biases and errors. Finally, the study only examines the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that affect the actions of dog owners in preventing rabies, and may not consider other factors that may influence the spread of the disease.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to explore other factors that influence the spread of rabies, such as the role of animal health services, the effectiveness of vaccination programs, and the impact of community-based initiatives on rabies prevention. Additionally, research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommendations made in this study and to identify areas for improvement.

References

  • World Health Organization. (2019). Rabies.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Rabies.
  • Ministry of Health of Indonesia. (2020). Rabies Prevention and Control.

Appendix

  • Questionnaire used in the study
  • Data analysis plan
  • Results of the data analysis

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Research Approach
  3. Predisposing Factors
  4. Enabling Factors
  5. Reinforcing Factors
  6. Recommendations
  7. Conclusion
  8. Limitations of the Study
  9. Future Research Directions
  10. References
  11. Appendix
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Rabies Prevention in Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency

Q: What is rabies and how is it transmitted?

A: Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that affects the nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, usually a dog.

Q: Why is rabies a significant public health concern in Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency?

A: The number of cases of Rabies Infectious Animal Bite (GHPR) and Lyssa disease has been increasing in Tarutung District, with a significant rise of 4.1% between 2010 and 2011.

Q: What are the predisposing factors that affect the actions of dog owners in preventing rabies?

A: The attitude and knowledge of dog owners are significant predisposing factors. Dog owners with a positive attitude towards animal health and a good understanding of rabies are more likely to create greater awareness of the dangers of rabies.

Q: What are the enabling factors that facilitate the actions of dog owners in preventing rabies?

A: Access to appropriate and accurate information plays an important role in creating a supportive environment. Sources of information can come from counseling, mass media, to direct interaction with health workers.

Q: What are the reinforcing factors that support and encourage the actions of dog owners in preventing rabies?

A: When people and local authorities are active in encouraging preventive measures, dog owners tend to be more disciplined in protecting their pets.

Q: What are the recommendations made in this study to increase rabies prevention measures in Tarutung District?

A: The recommendations include:

  1. Improvement of Counseling: The government and the Health Office, together with the Animal Husbandry Office, must implement a more intensive and sustainable extension program regarding the dangers of rabies.
  2. Information Socialization: The Health Office and Animal Husbandry Service need to multiply information channels about rabies in various forms, such as posters, local media, and broadcasts on local radio.
  3. Periodic Vaccination: There needs to be an increase in the dog vaccination program which is carried out periodically by the Animal Husbandry Service.

Q: How can the community contribute to rabies prevention in Tarutung District?

A: The community can contribute by:

  1. Spreading awareness: Share information about the dangers of rabies and the importance of prevention.
  2. Supporting vaccination programs: Encourage dog owners to vaccinate their pets and participate in vaccination programs.
  3. Reporting suspected cases: Report any suspected cases of rabies to the local health authorities.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study only focuses on dog owners in Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency, and may not be generalizable to other areas. The study relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to biases and errors.

Q: What are the future research directions for rabies prevention in Tarutung District?

A: Future research should aim to explore other factors that influence the spread of rabies, such as the role of animal health services, the effectiveness of vaccination programs, and the impact of community-based initiatives on rabies prevention.

Q: Where can I find more information about rabies prevention in Tarutung District?

A: You can find more information about rabies prevention in Tarutung District by contacting the local health authorities, the Animal Husbandry Office, or by visiting the website of the Ministry of Health of Indonesia.