Analysis Of In Silico Chemical Compounds From Breadfruit Leaves Extract (Artocarpus Altiil) On PPAR-γ And In Vivo Tests In Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio) Which Has The Potential As Antidiabetes
Analysis of In Silico Chemical Compounds from Breadfruit Leaves Extract (Artocarpus Altiil) on PPAR-γ and In Vivo Tests in Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio) with Potential as Antidiabetic
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce enough insulin or effectively use the insulin produced. Traditional medicine has long been used to treat diabetes, and one such traditional remedy is the breadfruit leaf (Artocarpus altiil). Research has shown that breadfruit leaves contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which have been identified as potential antidiabetic agents. One of the key receptors involved in the treatment of diabetes is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). This study aims to investigate the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent through in silico analysis and in vivo tests in zebra fish (Danio rerio).
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease that affects various organs and systems in the body. The pancreas plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood sugar levels by producing insulin, a hormone that facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells. However, in diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin or the body becomes resistant to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Traditional medicine has long been used to treat diabetes, and one such traditional remedy is the breadfruit leaf (Artocarpus altiil). Research has shown that breadfruit leaves contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which have been identified as potential antidiabetic agents.
Research Methods
This study involves several stages, including:
Analysis of LC-HRMS/MS
To identify chemical compounds in breadfruit leaf extract, liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was used. This technique allows for the separation and identification of complex mixtures of compounds based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
In Silico Test
The in silico test involves the use of online platforms to predict the biological activity of identified compounds. This includes:
Predictions of Biological Activity
Using an online pass platform, the activity of antidiabetic compounds was predicted. This platform uses a combination of machine learning algorithms and molecular modeling techniques to predict the biological activity of compounds.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Using a Swissadme platform, the pharmacokinetics of identified compounds were predicted. This includes the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME-Tox) of these compounds.
Molecular Docking
Using autodock tools and autodock vina software, the interaction of compounds with PPAR-γ receptors was predicted. This involves the use of molecular modeling techniques to predict the binding affinity of compounds to the receptor.
In Vivo Test
The in vivo test involves the use of zebra fish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. This includes:
Animal Model
Zebra fish (Danio rerio) was used as an animal model for the in vivo test. This species is widely used in scientific research due to its small size, short lifespan, and ease of breeding.
Measurement Parameters
Fasting blood glucose levels were measured in zebra fish given breadfruit leaf extract. This involves the use of a glucometer to measure the glucose levels in the blood.
Data Analysis
Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. This involves the use of statistical analysis to determine the significance of the results.
Research Results
In Silico Analysis
Molecular docking results show that four compounds in breadfruit leaf extract have a strong interaction with PPAR-γ receptors. These compounds are:
- Apigenin-7-O-glucoronide
- Tiliroside
- Phloretin
- Artocarpin
These compounds have a low docking score and interact with the same amino acid residue as comparative compounds.
In Vivo Test
In Vivo test results show that breadfruit leaf extract significantly decreases the blood glucose level of fasting in zebra fish at a dose of 200, 300, and 400 mg. In addition, breadfruit leaf extract does not show a toxic effect on the number of Langerhans Island, which is a collection of cells that produce insulin in the pancreas.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that breadfruit leaf extract has the potential as an antidiabetic agent, as evidenced through the analysis of in silico and in vivo tests. Compounds in breadfruit leaf extract have a strong interaction with PPAR-γ receptors, and can significantly reduce blood glucose levels in animal models. This study provides a strong basis for the development of breadfruit leaf extract as a natural antidiabetic drug. Further research is needed to optimize the dosage and formulation of breadfruit leaf extract, as well as to examine the long-term effects and safety of their use on humans.
Implications
The findings of this study have significant implications for the development of natural antidiabetic agents. The use of breadfruit leaf extract as a potential antidiabetic agent offers a promising alternative to traditional medications. Further research is needed to fully explore the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent.
Limitations
This study has several limitations. The use of zebra fish as an animal model may not accurately reflect the human condition. In addition, the in silico analysis was limited to a small number of compounds. Further research is needed to fully explore the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent.
Future Directions
Future research should focus on optimizing the dosage and formulation of breadfruit leaf extract, as well as examining the long-term effects and safety of their use on humans. In addition, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent.
References
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Appendix
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Note: The references, appendix, and other sections should be included in the final version of the article.
Q&A: Analysis of In Silico Chemical Compounds from Breadfruit Leaves Extract (Artocarpus Altiil) on PPAR-γ and In Vivo Tests in Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio)
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the purpose of this study?
A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent through in silico analysis and in vivo tests in zebra fish (Danio rerio).
Q: What is the significance of PPAR-γ receptors in diabetes treatment?
A: PPAR-γ receptors play a crucial role in the treatment of diabetes. They are involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and activation of these receptors has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in cells.
Q: What are the potential antidiabetic compounds identified in breadfruit leaf extract?
A: The potential antidiabetic compounds identified in breadfruit leaf extract are:
- Apigenin-7-O-glucoronide
- Tiliroside
- Phloretin
- Artocarpin
Q: What is the mechanism of action of these compounds?
A: The mechanism of action of these compounds involves the activation of PPAR-γ receptors, which leads to improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in cells.
Q: What are the results of the in vivo test?
A: The results of the in vivo test show that breadfruit leaf extract significantly decreases the blood glucose level of fasting in zebra fish at a dose of 200, 300, and 400 mg. In addition, breadfruit leaf extract does not show a toxic effect on the number of Langerhans Island, which is a collection of cells that produce insulin in the pancreas.
Q: What are the implications of this study?
A: The findings of this study have significant implications for the development of natural antidiabetic agents. The use of breadfruit leaf extract as a potential antidiabetic agent offers a promising alternative to traditional medications.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: This study has several limitations. The use of zebra fish as an animal model may not accurately reflect the human condition. In addition, the in silico analysis was limited to a small number of compounds. Further research is needed to fully explore the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent.
Q: What are the future directions of this research?
A: Future research should focus on optimizing the dosage and formulation of breadfruit leaf extract, as well as examining the long-term effects and safety of their use on humans. In addition, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent.
Q: What are the potential applications of this research?
A: The potential applications of this research include the development of natural antidiabetic agents, such as breadfruit leaf extract, as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. This could provide a promising alternative to traditional medications and improve the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.
Q: What are the potential risks and side effects of using breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent?
A: The potential risks and side effects of using breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent are not well understood and require further research. However, it is essential to note that breadfruit leaf extract has been used traditionally for centuries and is generally considered safe.
Q: How can I access the full text of this study?
A: The full text of this study is available online through various academic databases and journals. You can also contact the authors directly to request a copy of the study.
Q: What are the next steps in this research?
A: The next steps in this research involve further optimization of the dosage and formulation of breadfruit leaf extract, as well as examining the long-term effects and safety of their use on humans. In addition, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of breadfruit leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent.