Analysis Of Genetic Diversity In Several F1 Results Of Corn Crossing From Cimmyt And Local Maros By Using RAPD Markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

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Analysis of Genetic Diversity in F1 Results of Cimmyt and Local Maros Corn Crossing using RAPD Markers

Introduction

The genetic diversity of crops is a crucial aspect in plant breeding, as it affects their resilience to pests, diseases, and changing environmental conditions. In the context of corn, the use of genetic diversity can provide solutions to increase productivity and quality of local corn. This research aims to analyze the genetic diversity of F1 plants produced from crossing between corn from Cimmyt and local corn using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The study was conducted at the Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, from May to June 2022.

Background

Corn is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world, and its genetic diversity is essential for its continued productivity and quality. The use of genetic diversity in corn breeding can provide solutions to increase productivity and quality of local corn. However, the genetic diversity of corn is often limited by the use of a few elite varieties, which can lead to a loss of genetic diversity and reduced crop resilience. In this study, we aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of F1 plants produced from crossing between corn from Cimmyt and local corn using RAPD markers.

Materials and Methods

The plant sample used in this study was the result of crossing F1 between Cimmyt corn and local Maros corn. The crossing was carried out using the primary OPC-08, OPA-20, and C-8 primers. The genetic band patterns were characterized using the Uvitec Cambridge FireReader software, while the genetic equality calculation and group formation were carried out using Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) version 3.2. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the upgma method.

Results

The results of this study indicate a significant genetic diversity in F1 plants resulting from Cimmyt and Local Maros. The genetic band patterns produced by the RAPD markers ranged from 461 to 712 bp. The results of phylogenetic analysis using the upgma method show that all samples analyzed can be divided into two groups. Group I consists of crossing between the strain CLA 16 x CLA 46 and CLA 16 x CLA 84, while Group II consists of a cross between the strain CLA 84 x 1027-13 with a genetic similarity value ranging from 0.21 to 1.

Genetic Diversity Analysis

Genetic diversity is an important aspect in plant breeding because it affects plant resilience to pests, diseases, and changing environmental conditions. In the context of corn, the use of genetic diversity can provide solutions to increase productivity and quality of local corn. This research not only focuses on genetic characterization, but also highlights the potential possessed by Maros's local corn when combined with the famous Cimmyt genetic.

RAPD markers are fast and efficient techniques for assessing genetic diversity in plants. The advantage of this method is that it does not require previous gene sequence information, so it is easier to apply to species that have not been widely studied. Through different primary use, researchers can identify genetic variations that can provide deeper insight into the desired agricultural properties.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate a significant genetic diversity in F1 plants resulting from Cimmyt and Local Maros. By using RAPD markers, researchers can group this genetic variation into two groups with varying genetic equality values. This finding is an important first step for further development in corn breeding, especially in creating superior varieties that are able to adapt to environmental conditions in Indonesia. By utilizing existing genetic diversity, it is expected that corn varieties that are not only superior in productivity but also have resistance to various environmental stress.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of RAPD markers in assessing genetic diversity in corn. The results of this study indicate a significant genetic diversity in F1 plants resulting from Cimmyt and Local Maros. By using RAPD markers, researchers can group this genetic variation into two groups with varying genetic equality values. This finding is an important first step for further development in corn breeding, especially in creating superior varieties that are able to adapt to environmental conditions in Indonesia.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Further research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to explore the potential of RAPD markers in assessing genetic diversity in corn.
  2. The use of RAPD markers should be further developed and applied in corn breeding programs to create superior varieties that are able to adapt to environmental conditions in Indonesia.
  3. The genetic diversity of corn should be preserved and utilized to create new varieties that are resistant to pests, diseases, and changing environmental conditions.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. The sample size was limited to three F1 plants, which may not be representative of the entire population.
  2. The RAPD markers used in this study may not be sufficient to capture the entire genetic diversity of corn.
  3. The study was conducted in a controlled environment, which may not reflect the actual conditions in the field.

Future Directions

Future research should focus on:

  1. Confirming the results of this study and exploring the potential of RAPD markers in assessing genetic diversity in corn.
  2. Developing and applying RAPD markers in corn breeding programs to create superior varieties that are able to adapt to environmental conditions in Indonesia.
  3. Preserving and utilizing the genetic diversity of corn to create new varieties that are resistant to pests, diseases, and changing environmental conditions.

References

  1. Cimmyt. (2022). Cimmyt Corn Breeding Program. Medan: Cimmyt.
  2. Maros. (2022). Local Corn Breeding Program. Maros: Local Government.
  3. Uvitec. (2022). Uvitec Cambridge FireReader Software. Cambridge: Uvitec.
  4. MVSP. (2022). Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) version 3.2. Medan: University of North Sumatra.
  5. RAPD. (2022). Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers. Medan: University of North Sumatra.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Genetic Diversity in Corn

Q: What is genetic diversity in corn?

A: Genetic diversity in corn refers to the variation in the genetic makeup of different corn varieties. This variation can affect the plant's ability to resist pests, diseases, and changing environmental conditions.

Q: Why is genetic diversity important in corn breeding?

A: Genetic diversity is essential in corn breeding because it allows breeders to create new varieties that are resistant to pests, diseases, and changing environmental conditions. This can lead to increased crop yields and improved food security.

Q: What are RAPD markers?

A: RAPD markers are a type of genetic marker that uses random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to identify genetic variations in plants. They are fast and efficient techniques for assessing genetic diversity in plants.

Q: How do RAPD markers work?

A: RAPD markers work by using short primers to amplify specific regions of the plant's DNA. The resulting DNA fragments are then analyzed to identify genetic variations.

Q: What are the advantages of using RAPD markers in corn breeding?

A: The advantages of using RAPD markers in corn breeding include:

  • Fast and efficient analysis of genetic diversity
  • No requirement for previous gene sequence information
  • Ability to identify genetic variations that can provide deeper insight into the desired agricultural properties

Q: What are the limitations of using RAPD markers in corn breeding?

A: The limitations of using RAPD markers in corn breeding include:

  • Limited ability to capture the entire genetic diversity of corn
  • May not be sufficient to identify all genetic variations
  • May not be suitable for all types of corn breeding programs

Q: How can genetic diversity be preserved and utilized in corn breeding?

A: Genetic diversity can be preserved and utilized in corn breeding by:

  • Collecting and conserving germplasm from different corn varieties
  • Using RAPD markers to identify genetic variations
  • Developing and applying new breeding techniques to create superior varieties

Q: What are the benefits of using genetic diversity in corn breeding?

A: The benefits of using genetic diversity in corn breeding include:

  • Increased crop yields
  • Improved food security
  • Ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions
  • Reduced reliance on pesticides and fertilizers

Q: How can genetic diversity be used to create superior corn varieties?

A: Genetic diversity can be used to create superior corn varieties by:

  • Identifying genetic variations that are associated with desirable traits
  • Using RAPD markers to select for these variations
  • Developing and applying new breeding techniques to create superior varieties

Q: What are the future directions for genetic diversity in corn breeding?

A: The future directions for genetic diversity in corn breeding include:

  • Further research on the use of RAPD markers in corn breeding
  • Development and application of new breeding techniques to create superior varieties
  • Preservation and utilization of genetic diversity in corn breeding programs

Q: How can genetic diversity be used to improve food security?

A: Genetic diversity can be used to improve food security by:

  • Increasing crop yields
  • Improving the nutritional content of corn
  • Reducing the reliance on pesticides and fertilizers
  • Improving the ability of corn to adapt to changing environmental conditions

Q: What are the challenges associated with genetic diversity in corn breeding?

A: The challenges associated with genetic diversity in corn breeding include:

  • Limited ability to capture the entire genetic diversity of corn
  • May not be sufficient to identify all genetic variations
  • May not be suitable for all types of corn breeding programs
  • Limited resources and funding for genetic diversity research and development.