Analysis Of Factors That Influence The Incidence Of Scabies In The Class II Children's Special Development Institute (LPKA) Pekanbaru City In 2019

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Analysis of Factors that Influence the Incidence of Scabies in the Class II Children's Special Development Institute (LPKA) Pekanbaru City in 2019

Introduction

Scabies, a skin disease caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei, remains a significant health concern in Indonesia, particularly in environments with poor hygiene such as dormitories, pesantren, and correctional institutions. In the Class II Children's Special Development Institute (LPKA) Pekanbaru City, the incidence of scabies was recorded at 38.33% in 2019, a notable increase from the previous year. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to the high incidence of scabies in LPKA.

Background

Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows into the skin, causing intense itching and discomfort. In Indonesia, scabies is a significant public health concern, particularly in environments with poor hygiene. The disease is often associated with crowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and inadequate access to healthcare.

Methodology

This study employed a cross-sectional design, involving the entire population of 120 children in LPKA. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods, including multiple logistics regression tests. The study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the high incidence of scabies in LPKA.

Results

The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the incidence of scabies and several factors, including:

Cleanliness of Clothing (P = 0.003)

Clothing that is rarely washed or not washed properly can be a nest for the mites that cause scabies. The study found that children who wore dirty or unwashed clothing were more likely to develop scabies.

Skin Cleanliness (P = 0.0001)

Lack of bathing and cleaning the body with soap can make it easier for scabies mites to multiply. The study found that children who did not bathe regularly or used soap infrequently were more likely to develop scabies.

Cleanliness of Towels (p = 0.014)

The towel used together and rarely washed can be a medium for transmission of scabies mites. The study found that children who shared towels and did not wash them regularly were more likely to develop scabies.

Cleanliness of Bed Linen and Mattresses (p = 0.002)

Sheets and mattresses that are rarely replaced and cleaned can be a hiding place for scabies mites. The study found that children who slept on dirty or unwashed bed linen and mattresses were more likely to develop scabies.

Environmental Sanitation (p = 0.042)

Dirty and unkempt environment can increase the risk of scabies transmission. The study found that children who lived in environments with poor sanitation were more likely to develop scabies.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that cleanliness of clothing, skin cleanliness, and cleanliness of towels are the main factors that influence the incidence of scabies in LPKA Class II Pekanbaru City. These findings highlight the importance of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in preventing the transmission of scabies.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that efforts to prevent scabies in correctional institutions must focus on increasing the hygienic behavior of residents, especially in terms of personal hygiene and the environment. Increasing awareness and education about scabies, as well as the application of strict cleaning protocols in LPKA, is very necessary to reduce the incidence of scabies. Providing information about how to prevent transmission, the importance of personal hygiene, and how to care for clothes and beds correctly can help reduce the risk of scabies transmission. In addition, the need for consistent supervision and coaching from the LPKA in ensuring the application of cleaning protocols in the institutional environment.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Increase awareness and education about scabies: LPKA should provide information about scabies, its symptoms, and how to prevent transmission.
  2. Implement strict cleaning protocols: LPKA should establish and enforce strict cleaning protocols for clothing, towels, bed linen, and mattresses.
  3. Promote personal hygiene: LPKA should encourage children to practice good personal hygiene, including regular bathing and washing of clothes and towels.
  4. Improve environmental sanitation: LPKA should ensure that the institutional environment is clean and well-maintained, including regular cleaning of floors, walls, and furniture.
  5. Provide consistent supervision and coaching: LPKA should provide consistent supervision and coaching to ensure that children adhere to cleaning protocols and practice good personal hygiene.

By implementing these recommendations, it is expected that the incidence of scabies in LPKA Class II Pekanbaru City can be reduced and the health of the residents can be well maintained.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Scabies in LPKA Class II Pekanbaru City

Q: What is scabies and how is it transmitted?

A: Scabies is a skin disease caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei. It is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, usually through skin-to-skin contact. The mites burrow into the skin, causing intense itching and discomfort.

Q: What are the symptoms of scabies?

A: The symptoms of scabies include intense itching, especially at night, redness and inflammation of the skin, and small bumps or blisters on the skin. In severe cases, scabies can cause skin lesions and open sores.

Q: How can scabies be prevented?

A: Scabies can be prevented by practicing good personal hygiene, including regular bathing and washing of clothes and towels. It is also essential to avoid sharing personal items, such as towels and clothing, and to avoid close contact with people who have scabies.

Q: What are the risk factors for scabies?

A: The risk factors for scabies include poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, and inadequate access to healthcare. In LPKA Class II Pekanbaru City, the risk factors for scabies include the lack of awareness and education about scabies, poor cleaning protocols, and inadequate supervision and coaching.

Q: How can scabies be treated?

A: Scabies can be treated with topical creams or ointments that contain permethrin or lindane. These creams or ointments are applied to the skin and left on for a specified period before being washed off. In severe cases, scabies may require oral medication.

Q: What is the role of LPKA in preventing scabies?

A: LPKA has a critical role in preventing scabies by providing education and awareness about scabies, implementing strict cleaning protocols, and promoting personal hygiene. LPKA should also provide consistent supervision and coaching to ensure that children adhere to cleaning protocols and practice good personal hygiene.

Q: How can LPKA prevent scabies in the future?

A: LPKA can prevent scabies in the future by:

  1. Increasing awareness and education about scabies: LPKA should provide information about scabies, its symptoms, and how to prevent transmission.
  2. Implementing strict cleaning protocols: LPKA should establish and enforce strict cleaning protocols for clothing, towels, bed linen, and mattresses.
  3. Promoting personal hygiene: LPKA should encourage children to practice good personal hygiene, including regular bathing and washing of clothes and towels.
  4. Improving environmental sanitation: LPKA should ensure that the institutional environment is clean and well-maintained, including regular cleaning of floors, walls, and furniture.
  5. Providing consistent supervision and coaching: LPKA should provide consistent supervision and coaching to ensure that children adhere to cleaning protocols and practice good personal hygiene.

Q: What is the expected outcome of this study?

A: The expected outcome of this study is to reduce the incidence of scabies in LPKA Class II Pekanbaru City by implementing the recommendations outlined above. By increasing awareness and education about scabies, implementing strict cleaning protocols, promoting personal hygiene, improving environmental sanitation, and providing consistent supervision and coaching, it is expected that the incidence of scabies will decrease, and the health of the residents will be well maintained.