Aerobic Germ Patterns And Sensitivity Tests In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Diseases (OMSK) In RSUP. Haji Adam Malik Medan

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Introduction

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (OMSK) is a common infection in developing countries, causing damage to serious tissue and life-threatening complications. This infection is often caused by microorganisms that obtain resistance to antibiotics, making it crucial to understand the pattern of germs and its sensitivity to antibiotics in therapy. Understanding the microbiology of OMSK is essential to develop effective treatment strategies and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aims to identify the main microorganisms causing CSOS and related antibiotic sensitivity patterns.

Methodology

This descriptive study was conducted in the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Microbiology Department at the Adam Malik Haji Hospital in Medan from September 2013 to April 2014. A total of 31 samples were taken from 25 OMSK patients who showed active secretions, both unilateral and bilateral. Sampling was carried out using a sterile intravenous catheter of 18 connected with a 1 ml syringe, under a microscope. The samples were then sent to the Microbiology Department for further examination.

Results

The results of this study show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen in Benigna type CSOS, identified in 6 samples (30%). Meanwhile, in Malignant Type CSOS, Acinetobacter sp was found as the most frequent cause, recorded in 2 samples (25%). Testing antibiotic sensitivity shows that most of these pathogens have high sensitivity to some antibiotics, such as meropenem, amikacin, gentamycin, ceftazidime, cefepime, and piperacillin/tazobactam. However, the results also show that sensitivity to the quinolone group is at a low level.

Analysis and Discussion

The results of this study provide important insight into the dominant microorganisms in the case of OMSK in the Adam Malik Haji Hospital in Medan. With the dominance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there is a direct implication of the choice of antibiotic therapy that needs to be considered. High sensitivity to meropenem and other antibiotics show that appropriate therapy can be given to treat this infection effectively. However, the low sensitivity of quinolone reflects the challenges faced in treatment, given the potential for developing resistance.

Therefore, routine monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity patterns is highly recommended in order to guide doctors in choosing the right therapy. In addition, educational efforts for medical personnel regarding the importance of the selection of appropriate antibiotics and good storage practices for patients are also very important to prevent antibiotic resistance in the future.

Conclusion

This study confirms that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most often identified microorganism in the case of chronic suppurative otitis media. The pattern of sensitivity to various antibiotics shows the importance of routine testing to optimize treatment and prevent future resistance. Cooperation between hospitals and microbiology facilities is needed to ensure accurate data and update information about infection patterns and antibiotic sensitivity.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Routine monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity patterns is highly recommended to guide doctors in choosing the right therapy.
  • Educational efforts for medical personnel regarding the importance of the selection of appropriate antibiotics and good storage practices for patients are also very important to prevent antibiotic resistance in the future.
  • Cooperation between hospitals and microbiology facilities is needed to ensure accurate data and update information about infection patterns and antibiotic sensitivity.
  • Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in OMSK and to develop new treatment strategies.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The sample size was relatively small, which may not be representative of the larger population.
  • The study was conducted in a single hospital, which may not be generalizable to other hospitals or regions.
  • The study did not investigate the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in OMSK.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in OMSK and to develop new treatment strategies. Additionally, further research is needed to understand the epidemiology of OMSK and to develop effective prevention and control measures.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides important insight into the dominant microorganisms in the case of OMSK in the Adam Malik Haji Hospital in Medan. The results show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen in Benigna type CSOS, and that high sensitivity to meropenem and other antibiotics is essential for effective treatment. However, the low sensitivity of quinolone reflects the challenges faced in treatment, given the potential for developing resistance. Therefore, routine monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity patterns is highly recommended to guide doctors in choosing the right therapy.

Q: What is Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (OMSK)?

A: OMSK is a common infection in developing countries that can cause damage to serious tissue and life-threatening complications. It is often caused by microorganisms that obtain resistance to antibiotics.

Q: What are the main microorganisms causing CSOS?

A: The main microorganisms causing CSOS are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter sp. These bacteria are commonly found in the ear and can cause infection.

Q: What is the importance of understanding the microbiology of OMSK?

A: Understanding the microbiology of OMSK is essential to develop effective treatment strategies and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Q: What are the common antibiotics used to treat OMSK?

A: The common antibiotics used to treat OMSK include meropenem, amikacin, gentamycin, ceftazidime, cefepime, and piperacillin/tazobactam.

Q: Why is routine monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity patterns important?

A: Routine monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity patterns is highly recommended to guide doctors in choosing the right therapy and prevent future resistance.

Q: What are the challenges faced in treating OMSK?

A: The challenges faced in treating OMSK include the potential for developing resistance to antibiotics, which can make treatment more difficult.

Q: What can be done to prevent antibiotic resistance in OMSK?

A: To prevent antibiotic resistance in OMSK, routine monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity patterns is highly recommended, and educational efforts for medical personnel regarding the importance of the selection of appropriate antibiotics and good storage practices for patients are also very important.

Q: What is the role of cooperation between hospitals and microbiology facilities in preventing antibiotic resistance in OMSK?

A: Cooperation between hospitals and microbiology facilities is needed to ensure accurate data and update information about infection patterns and antibiotic sensitivity.

Q: What are the future directions for research on OMSK?

A: Future studies should aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in OMSK and to develop new treatment strategies.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The sample size was relatively small, which may not be representative of the larger population, and the study was conducted in a single hospital, which may not be generalizable to other hospitals or regions.

Q: What are the implications of this study for clinical practice?

A: The results of this study have important implications for clinical practice, as they highlight the need for routine monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity patterns and the importance of selecting appropriate antibiotics to treat OMSK effectively.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The results of this study have potential applications in the development of new treatment strategies for OMSK and in the prevention of antibiotic resistance.