A Stock Solution Is Made By Dissolving 66.05 G Of \[$(NH_4)_2SO_4\$\] In Enough Water To Make 250 ML Of Solution. A 10.0 ML Sample Of This Solution Is Then Diluted To 50.0 ML. Given That The Molar Mass Of \[$(NH_4)_2SO_4\$\] Is
Introduction
In chemistry, a stock solution is a concentrated solution of a substance that is used as a starting point for preparing other solutions of known concentrations. The process of dilution involves reducing the concentration of a solution by adding a solvent, such as water. In this article, we will explore a problem involving a stock solution of ammonium sulfate, {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$, and its dilution to a specific volume.
Calculating the Concentration of the Stock Solution
To begin, we need to calculate the concentration of the stock solution. The molar mass of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ is given as 132.14 g/mol. We are told that 66.05 g of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ is dissolved in enough water to make 250 mL of solution. To calculate the concentration, we can use the formula:
Concentration (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ present in the solution. We can do this by dividing the mass of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ (66.05 g) by its molar mass (132.14 g/mol):
moles of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ = 66.05 g / 132.14 g/mol = 0.500 mol
Next, we need to convert the volume of the solution from milliliters (mL) to liters (L). There are 1000 mL in 1 L, so:
250 mL = 0.250 L
Now, we can calculate the concentration of the stock solution:
Concentration (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution = 0.500 mol / 0.250 L = 2.00 M
Calculating the Concentration of the Diluted Solution
A 10.0 mL sample of the stock solution is then diluted to 50.0 mL. To calculate the concentration of the diluted solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ present in the 10.0 mL sample. We can do this by multiplying the concentration of the stock solution (2.00 M) by the volume of the sample (10.0 mL):
moles of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ = concentration (M) x volume (L) = 2.00 M x 0.0100 L = 0.0200 mol
Next, we need to calculate the concentration of the diluted solution. We can do this by dividing the number of moles of {(NH_4)_2SO_4$}$ (0.0200 mol) by the volume of the diluted solution (50.0 mL):
Concentration (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution = 0.0200 mol / 0.0500 L = 0.400 M
Conclusion
In this article, we have explored a problem involving a stock solution of ammonium sulfate and its dilution to a specific volume. We have calculated the concentration of the stock solution and the diluted solution, using the formula:
Concentration (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
We have also demonstrated the importance of accurately calculating concentrations and molarities in chemistry, as these values are crucial in understanding the behavior of chemical systems.
Calculating Molarity and Concentration: Key Concepts
- Molarity (M): the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
- Concentration: the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution
- Molar mass: the mass of one mole of a substance
- Dilution: the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding a solvent
Real-World Applications of Molarity and Concentration
- Chemical reactions: understanding the concentration of reactants and products is crucial in predicting the outcome of chemical reactions
- Pharmaceuticals: accurately calculating the concentration of medications is essential in ensuring their efficacy and safety
- Environmental science: understanding the concentration of pollutants in water and air is crucial in predicting their impact on the environment
Conclusion
In conclusion, calculating molarity and concentration is a fundamental concept in chemistry that has numerous real-world applications. By accurately calculating these values, we can better understand the behavior of chemical systems and make informed decisions in a variety of fields.
Introduction
In our previous article, we explored a problem involving a stock solution of ammonium sulfate and its dilution to a specific volume. We calculated the concentration of the stock solution and the diluted solution, using the formula:
Concentration (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to the problem and provide additional information to help you better understand the concepts.
Q: What is the difference between concentration and molarity?
A: Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution, while molarity (M) is a specific unit of concentration that represents the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
Q: How do I calculate the concentration of a solution if I know the mass of the solute and the volume of the solution?
A: To calculate the concentration of a solution, you need to know the number of moles of solute present in the solution. You can calculate the number of moles by dividing the mass of the solute by its molar mass. Then, you can divide the number of moles by the volume of the solution (in liters) to get the concentration.
Q: What is the importance of accurately calculating concentrations and molarities in chemistry?
A: Accurately calculating concentrations and molarities is crucial in understanding the behavior of chemical systems. It helps you predict the outcome of chemical reactions, ensure the efficacy and safety of medications, and understand the impact of pollutants on the environment.
Q: How do I calculate the concentration of a diluted solution if I know the concentration of the stock solution and the volume of the diluted solution?
A: To calculate the concentration of a diluted solution, you need to know the number of moles of solute present in the diluted solution. You can calculate the number of moles by multiplying the concentration of the stock solution by the volume of the diluted solution. Then, you can divide the number of moles by the volume of the diluted solution (in liters) to get the concentration.
Q: What is the difference between a stock solution and a diluted solution?
A: A stock solution is a concentrated solution of a substance that is used as a starting point for preparing other solutions of known concentrations. A diluted solution is a solution that has been diluted from a stock solution to a specific concentration.
Q: How do I calculate the volume of a stock solution needed to prepare a certain volume of a diluted solution?
A: To calculate the volume of a stock solution needed to prepare a certain volume of a diluted solution, you need to know the concentration of the stock solution and the desired concentration of the diluted solution. You can use the formula:
Volume of stock solution = (desired concentration x desired volume) / concentration of stock solution
Conclusion
In this article, we have answered some frequently asked questions related to the problem of calculating concentration and molarity. We have also provided additional information to help you better understand the concepts. By accurately calculating concentrations and molarities, you can better understand the behavior of chemical systems and make informed decisions in a variety of fields.
Additional Resources
- Chemical reactions: understanding the concentration of reactants and products is crucial in predicting the outcome of chemical reactions
- Pharmaceuticals: accurately calculating the concentration of medications is essential in ensuring their efficacy and safety
- Environmental science: understanding the concentration of pollutants in water and air is crucial in predicting their impact on the environment
Real-World Applications of Molarity and Concentration
- Chemical reactions: understanding the concentration of reactants and products is crucial in predicting the outcome of chemical reactions
- Pharmaceuticals: accurately calculating the concentration of medications is essential in ensuring their efficacy and safety
- Environmental science: understanding the concentration of pollutants in water and air is crucial in predicting their impact on the environment
Conclusion
In conclusion, accurately calculating concentrations and molarities is a fundamental concept in chemistry that has numerous real-world applications. By understanding the concepts and formulas, you can better predict the outcome of chemical reactions, ensure the efficacy and safety of medications, and understand the impact of pollutants on the environment.