A Sample Of Ammonia Reacts With Oxygen As Shown:$\[4 \text{ NH}_3(g) + 5 \text{ O}_2(g) \rightarrow 4 \text{ NO}(g) + 6 \text{ H}_2\text{O}(g)\\]What Is The Limiting Reactant If 4.0 G Of \[$\text{NH}_3\$\] React With 8.0 G Of Oxygen?A.

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Introduction

Chemical reactions involve the interaction of reactants to form products. In many cases, the reactants are not consumed at the same rate, leading to the formation of a limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the substance that determines the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction. In this article, we will discuss the concept of limiting reactants and determine the limiting reactant in a sample reaction between ammonia and oxygen.

The Reaction Between Ammonia and Oxygen

The reaction between ammonia (NH3) and oxygen (O2) is a combustion reaction that produces nitrogen monoxide (NO) and water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

4 NH3(g)+5 O2(g)→4 NO(g)+6 H2O(g){4 \text{ NH}_3(g) + 5 \text{ O}_2(g) \rightarrow 4 \text{ NO}(g) + 6 \text{ H}_2\text{O}(g)}

In this reaction, 4 moles of ammonia react with 5 moles of oxygen to produce 4 moles of nitrogen monoxide and 6 moles of water.

Determining the Limiting Reactant

To determine the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the number of moles of each reactant present in the given sample. We can then compare the mole ratio of the reactants to the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation.

Calculating the Number of Moles of Ammonia

The molar mass of ammonia (NH3) is 17.03 g/mol. We can calculate the number of moles of ammonia present in the given sample using the formula:

moles=massmolar mass{ \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}} }

Substituting the values, we get:

moles of NH3=4.0 g17.03 g/mol=0.234 mol{ \text{moles of NH}_3 = \frac{4.0 \text{ g}}{17.03 \text{ g/mol}} = 0.234 \text{ mol} }

Calculating the Number of Moles of Oxygen

The molar mass of oxygen (O2) is 32.00 g/mol. We can calculate the number of moles of oxygen present in the given sample using the formula:

moles=massmolar mass{ \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}} }

Substituting the values, we get:

moles of O2=8.0 g32.00 g/mol=0.250 mol{ \text{moles of O}_2 = \frac{8.0 \text{ g}}{32.00 \text{ g/mol}} = 0.250 \text{ mol} }

Comparing the Mole Ratio of the Reactants

The mole ratio of ammonia to oxygen in the balanced chemical equation is 4:5. We can compare this mole ratio to the mole ratio of the reactants present in the given sample:

mole ratio of NH3 to O2=0.234 mol0.250 mol=0.936{ \text{mole ratio of NH}_3 \text{ to O}_2 = \frac{0.234 \text{ mol}}{0.250 \text{ mol}} = 0.936 }

Since the mole ratio of the reactants in the given sample is less than the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation, ammonia is the limiting reactant.

Conclusion

In this article, we discussed the concept of limiting reactants and determined the limiting reactant in a sample reaction between ammonia and oxygen. We calculated the number of moles of each reactant present in the given sample and compared the mole ratio of the reactants to the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation. The results showed that ammonia is the limiting reactant in this reaction.

Limiting Reactant in Other Reactions

The concept of limiting reactants is not limited to the reaction between ammonia and oxygen. It can be applied to any chemical reaction where the reactants are not consumed at the same rate. In many cases, the limiting reactant determines the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction.

Importance of Limiting Reactants

The concept of limiting reactants is important in many fields, including chemistry, engineering, and manufacturing. It helps to predict the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction and ensures that the reaction is carried out safely and efficiently.

Real-World Applications of Limiting Reactants

The concept of limiting reactants has many real-world applications. For example, in the production of fertilizers, the limiting reactant determines the amount of product formed. In the manufacture of plastics, the limiting reactant determines the amount of product formed. In the production of fuels, the limiting reactant determines the amount of product formed.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the concept of limiting reactants is an important concept in chemistry and has many real-world applications. It helps to predict the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction and ensures that the reaction is carried out safely and efficiently. By understanding the concept of limiting reactants, we can design and optimize chemical reactions to produce the desired products in the most efficient and cost-effective way possible.

References

  • Chemical Equations and Reactions by OpenStax
  • Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach by Steven S. Zumdahl
  • General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications by Linus Pauling

Glossary

  • Limiting Reactant: The substance that determines the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction.
  • Mole Ratio: The ratio of the number of moles of two substances.
  • Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance.
  • Chemical Equation: A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas.
  • Reactant: A substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction.
  • Product: A substance that is formed in a chemical reaction.

Introduction

In our previous article, we discussed the concept of limiting reactants and determined the limiting reactant in a sample reaction between ammonia and oxygen. In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions related to limiting reactants.

Q: What is a limiting reactant?

A: A limiting reactant is the substance that determines the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction. It is the reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction.

Q: How do I determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?

A: To determine the limiting reactant, you need to calculate the number of moles of each reactant present in the given sample. You can then compare the mole ratio of the reactants to the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation.

Q: What is the mole ratio of the reactants in a chemical reaction?

A: The mole ratio of the reactants in a chemical reaction is the ratio of the number of moles of two substances. It can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of one substance by the number of moles of the other substance.

Q: How do I calculate the number of moles of a substance?

A: To calculate the number of moles of a substance, you need to know its molar mass. The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. You can calculate the number of moles of a substance by dividing its mass by its molar mass.

Q: What is the importance of limiting reactants in chemical reactions?

A: The concept of limiting reactants is important in many fields, including chemistry, engineering, and manufacturing. It helps to predict the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction and ensures that the reaction is carried out safely and efficiently.

Q: Can you give an example of a real-world application of limiting reactants?

A: Yes, one example of a real-world application of limiting reactants is in the production of fertilizers. The limiting reactant determines the amount of product formed, and it is essential to know the limiting reactant to ensure that the reaction is carried out safely and efficiently.

Q: How do I know if a substance is a limiting reactant or not?

A: To determine if a substance is a limiting reactant or not, you need to compare the mole ratio of the reactants to the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation. If the mole ratio of the reactants in the given sample is less than the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation, then the substance is a limiting reactant.

Q: Can a substance be both a limiting reactant and a product in a chemical reaction?

A: No, a substance cannot be both a limiting reactant and a product in a chemical reaction. A limiting reactant is a substance that is consumed first in a chemical reaction, while a product is a substance that is formed in a chemical reaction.

Q: How do I determine the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction?

A: To determine the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction, you need to know the limiting reactant and the mole ratio of the reactants. You can then use the mole ratio to calculate the amount of product formed.

Q: Can you give an example of a chemical reaction where the limiting reactant is not the substance with the lowest molar mass?

A: Yes, one example of a chemical reaction where the limiting reactant is not the substance with the lowest molar mass is the reaction between ammonia and oxygen. In this reaction, ammonia is the limiting reactant, even though it has a lower molar mass than oxygen.

Q: How do I know if a chemical reaction is a limiting reactant or not?

A: To determine if a chemical reaction is a limiting reactant or not, you need to compare the mole ratio of the reactants to the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation. If the mole ratio of the reactants in the given sample is less than the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation, then the reaction is a limiting reactant.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the concept of limiting reactants is an important concept in chemistry and has many real-world applications. It helps to predict the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction and ensures that the reaction is carried out safely and efficiently. By understanding the concept of limiting reactants, we can design and optimize chemical reactions to produce the desired products in the most efficient and cost-effective way possible.

References

  • Chemical Equations and Reactions by OpenStax
  • Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach by Steven S. Zumdahl
  • General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications by Linus Pauling

Glossary

  • Limiting Reactant: The substance that determines the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction.
  • Mole Ratio: The ratio of the number of moles of two substances.
  • Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance.
  • Chemical Equation: A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas.
  • Reactant: A substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction.
  • Product: A substance that is formed in a chemical reaction.