A Picture Of Knowledge, Diet And Physical Activity Of Students Who Experience Obesity In SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi In 2018

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A Picture of Knowledge, Diet, and Physical Activity of Students Who Experience Obesity in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018

Introduction

The high school period (SMA) is a critical phase where students are vulnerable to nutritional problems, increasing the risk of obesity. Factors such as low knowledge about nutrition, unhealthy eating patterns, and minimal physical activity are the primary causes of the rising number of obesity among students. This study aims to provide an overview of the knowledge, eating patterns, and physical activity of students who experience obesity in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018.

Methodology

This study employed an observational study with a cross-sectional research design. A total of 76 students were involved in this study, selected through total sampling. Data was collected through anthropometric measurements, food frequency questionnaires, and calculation of nutritional intake using a 24-hour food recall method. To measure physical activity, researchers used the Physical Activity Level (PAL) method. The data analysis method used was descriptive analysis.

Results

The results showed that of the 76 students, most of those who experienced overweight were women (n = 51 or 67.1%). The most common range of age in the category of obesity was students aged 17-19 years (n = 48 or 63.2%). Of the total respondents, 67 students (88.2%) were classified as overweight, while 9 students (11.8%) were classified as obesity. In terms of knowledge about nutrition, most students were in the sufficient category (n = 57 or 75%).

Eating Patterns

Student eating patterns showed that 59 students (77.6%) did not have enough food variations. Although student energy consumption was included in the good category (n = 38 or 50%), protein intake of 61 students (80.3%) and fat from 60 students (78.9%) was classified as excess. The most commonly consumed carbohydrate source was rice (93.4%). The frequency of food that was often consumed included side dishes (64.5%), vegetables (48.7% water spinach), fruits (50% oranges), drinks (46.1% milk), and snacks (60.5% fried foods).

Physical Activity

Students' physical activity was in the mild category (n = 47 or 61.8%). This indicates that students were not engaging in sufficient physical activity to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Discussion

Based on these findings, it is essential for students to apply a healthy lifestyle by following a balanced nutrition guideline. Students are expected to consume vegetables and fruits more often, reduce high-calorie food intake, and do sufficient physical activity. Increasing nutritional knowledge through proper education is also an important step. Therefore, cooperation between UKS (School Health Unit) and Puskesmas in providing adequate information about nutrition needs to be improved as one of the efforts to prevent obesity among students.

Conclusion

By paying attention to the results of this study, it is expected that there will be more awareness of students and the school to create an environment that supports a healthy lifestyle. The implementation of this healthy lifestyle will not only benefit individuals but also the community as a whole in dealing with broader health problems in the future.

Recommendations

  1. Nutrition Education: Provide proper nutrition education to students to increase their knowledge about nutrition and healthy eating patterns.
  2. Physical Activity: Encourage students to engage in sufficient physical activity to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
  3. Cooperation between UKS and Puskesmas: Improve cooperation between UKS and Puskesmas in providing adequate information about nutrition to students.
  4. Healthy Environment: Create a healthy environment in schools that supports a healthy lifestyle.

Limitations

This study had some limitations, including:

  1. Small Sample Size: The sample size was relatively small, which may not be representative of the entire student population.
  2. Cross-Sectional Design: The study used a cross-sectional design, which may not be able to establish causality between variables.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on:

  1. Longitudinal Study: Conduct a longitudinal study to examine the effects of nutrition education and physical activity on obesity prevention.
  2. Large Sample Size: Conduct a study with a larger sample size to increase the generalizability of the findings.
  3. Intervention Study: Conduct an intervention study to examine the effectiveness of nutrition education and physical activity on obesity prevention.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Obesity Among Students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018

Q: What is the main cause of obesity among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018?

A: The main causes of obesity among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018 are low knowledge about nutrition, unhealthy eating patterns, and minimal physical activity.

Q: What is the prevalence of obesity among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018?

A: The prevalence of obesity among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018 is 11.8%, while 88.2% of students are classified as overweight.

Q: What is the most common range of age among students who experience obesity in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018?

A: The most common range of age among students who experience obesity in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018 is 17-19 years.

Q: What is the most commonly consumed carbohydrate source among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018?

A: The most commonly consumed carbohydrate source among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018 is rice, with a frequency of 93.4%.

Q: What is the most commonly consumed snack among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018?

A: The most commonly consumed snack among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018 is fried foods, with a frequency of 60.5%.

Q: What is the physical activity level among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018?

A: The physical activity level among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018 is mild, with 61.8% of students classified as having a mild physical activity level.

Q: What are the recommendations to prevent obesity among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018?

A: The recommendations to prevent obesity among students in SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi in 2018 include:

  1. Providing proper nutrition education to students to increase their knowledge about nutrition and healthy eating patterns.
  2. Encouraging students to engage in sufficient physical activity to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
  3. Improving cooperation between UKS and Puskesmas in providing adequate information about nutrition to students.
  4. Creating a healthy environment in schools that supports a healthy lifestyle.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include:

  1. Small sample size, which may not be representative of the entire student population.
  2. Cross-sectional design, which may not be able to establish causality between variables.

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: The future research directions for this study include:

  1. Conducting a longitudinal study to examine the effects of nutrition education and physical activity on obesity prevention.
  2. Conducting a study with a larger sample size to increase the generalizability of the findings.
  3. Conducting an intervention study to examine the effectiveness of nutrition education and physical activity on obesity prevention.