A Chemist Makes $260 , \text{mL}$ Of Silver Nitrate \left(\text{AgNO}_3\right ] Working Solution By Adding Distilled Water To $150 , \text{mL}$ Of A 0.759 M Stock Solution Of Silver Nitrate In Water.Calculate The
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Introduction
In chemistry, making a working solution from a stock solution is a common practice. A chemist needs to calculate the molarity of the working solution to ensure it meets the required concentration. In this article, we will discuss how to calculate the molarity of a working solution made by diluting a stock solution of silver nitrate.
Problem
A chemist makes $260 , \text{mL}$ of silver nitrate working solution by adding distilled water to $150 , \text{mL}$ of a 0.759 M stock solution of silver nitrate in water. Calculate the molarity of the working solution.
Step 1: Determine the Number of Moles of Silver Nitrate in the Stock Solution
To calculate the molarity of the working solution, we first need to determine the number of moles of silver nitrate in the stock solution. We can use the formula:
In this case, the molarity of the stock solution is 0.759 M, and the volume is 150 mL or 0.15 L.
# Define variables
molarity_stock_solution = 0.759 # M
volume_stock_solution = 0.15 # L
number_of_moles = molarity_stock_solution * volume_stock_solution
print(number_of_moles)
Step 2: Calculate the Molarity of the Working Solution
Now that we have the number of moles of silver nitrate in the stock solution, we can calculate the molarity of the working solution. We know that the volume of the working solution is 260 mL or 0.26 L, and the number of moles remains the same.
# Define variables
number_of_moles = 0.114 # mol
volume_working_solution = 0.26 # L
molarity_working_solution = number_of_moles / volume_working_solution
print(molarity_working_solution)
Conclusion
In this article, we calculated the molarity of a working solution made by diluting a stock solution of silver nitrate. We first determined the number of moles of silver nitrate in the stock solution and then calculated the molarity of the working solution using the number of moles and the volume of the working solution.
Discussion
Making a working solution from a stock solution is a common practice in chemistry. It is essential to calculate the molarity of the working solution to ensure it meets the required concentration. In this case, we used the formula:
to calculate the molarity of the working solution.
Example Use Case
This calculation is essential in various applications, such as:
- Laboratory experiments: When preparing a working solution for laboratory experiments, it is crucial to calculate the molarity to ensure the correct concentration.
- Industrial processes: In industrial processes, the molarity of a working solution can affect the quality and yield of the final product.
- Quality control: Calculating the molarity of a working solution is essential in quality control to ensure that the final product meets the required specifications.
Limitations
This calculation assumes that the stock solution is a strong electrolyte and that the dilution is done in a way that does not affect the concentration of the solute. In reality, the actual molarity of the working solution may vary due to factors such as:
- Impurities: The presence of impurities in the stock solution can affect the concentration of the solute.
- Dilution errors: Errors in measuring the volume of the stock solution or the working solution can affect the calculated molarity.
Future Work
In future work, we can explore more complex scenarios, such as:
- Multiple dilutions: Calculating the molarity of a working solution after multiple dilutions.
- Non-ideal solutions: Calculating the molarity of a working solution in non-ideal solutions, such as solutions with complex solute-solvent interactions.
References
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A comprehensive reference book for chemistry and physics.
- Chemical Engineering Handbook: A reference book for chemical engineering.
- Journal of Chemical Education: A peer-reviewed journal for chemical education.
Code
def calculate_molarity():
# Define variables
molarity_stock_solution = 0.759 # M
volume_stock_solution = 0.15 # L
number_of_moles = molarity_stock_solution * volume_stock_solution
volume_working_solution = 0.26 # L
molarity_working_solution = number_of_moles / volume_working_solution
return molarity_working_solution
molarity_working_solution = calculate_molarity()
print(molarity_working_solution)
This code calculates the molarity of the working solution using the formula:
It first determines the number of moles of silver nitrate in the stock solution and then calculates the molarity of the working solution using the number of moles and the volume of the working solution.
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Introduction
In our previous article, we discussed how to calculate the molarity of a working solution made by diluting a stock solution of silver nitrate. In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions related to making a silver nitrate solution.
Q: What is the difference between a stock solution and a working solution?
A: A stock solution is a concentrated solution of a substance, while a working solution is a diluted solution that is used for a specific purpose. In the case of silver nitrate, the stock solution is typically 0.759 M, while the working solution is typically 0.1 M.
Q: Why is it important to calculate the molarity of a working solution?
A: Calculating the molarity of a working solution is essential to ensure that the correct concentration of the solute is achieved. This is particularly important in laboratory experiments, industrial processes, and quality control.
Q: What are some common mistakes to avoid when making a silver nitrate solution?
A: Some common mistakes to avoid when making a silver nitrate solution include:
- Incorrect measurement of the stock solution: Make sure to measure the stock solution accurately to avoid errors in the calculation.
- Incorrect measurement of the working solution: Make sure to measure the working solution accurately to avoid errors in the calculation.
- Contamination of the solution: Make sure to handle the solution carefully to avoid contamination.
- Incorrect dilution: Make sure to dilute the stock solution correctly to avoid errors in the calculation.
Q: How do I store a silver nitrate solution?
A: A silver nitrate solution should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. It should also be stored in a well-ventilated area to avoid the buildup of toxic fumes.
Q: Can I use a silver nitrate solution that has been stored for a long time?
A: It is generally not recommended to use a silver nitrate solution that has been stored for a long time. Silver nitrate solutions can degrade over time, which can affect their concentration and stability.
Q: How do I dispose of a silver nitrate solution?
A: A silver nitrate solution should be disposed of according to local regulations and guidelines. It is generally recommended to dispose of the solution in a hazardous waste disposal facility.
Q: Can I use a silver nitrate solution in a laboratory setting?
A: Yes, a silver nitrate solution can be used in a laboratory setting. However, it is essential to follow proper laboratory protocols and safety procedures when handling the solution.
Q: What are some common applications of silver nitrate solutions?
A: Silver nitrate solutions have a wide range of applications, including:
- Laboratory experiments: Silver nitrate solutions are commonly used in laboratory experiments to study the properties of silver and its compounds.
- Industrial processes: Silver nitrate solutions are used in various industrial processes, such as the production of photographic film and the manufacture of electrical components.
- Quality control: Silver nitrate solutions are used in quality control to test the purity and concentration of silver and its compounds.
Q: Can I use a silver nitrate solution in a medical setting?
A: Yes, silver nitrate solutions are used in medical settings to treat various conditions, such as:
- Wound care: Silver nitrate solutions are used to treat wounds and prevent infection.
- Dental care: Silver nitrate solutions are used to treat dental infections and prevent tooth decay.
- Skin conditions: Silver nitrate solutions are used to treat skin conditions, such as acne and eczema.
Q: What are some common side effects of silver nitrate solutions?
A: Some common side effects of silver nitrate solutions include:
- Skin irritation: Silver nitrate solutions can cause skin irritation, including redness, itching, and burning.
- Eye irritation: Silver nitrate solutions can cause eye irritation, including redness, itching, and tearing.
- Respiratory problems: Silver nitrate solutions can cause respiratory problems, including coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Q: Can I use a silver nitrate solution in a food or beverage setting?
A: No, silver nitrate solutions should not be used in a food or beverage setting. Silver nitrate is a toxic substance that can cause serious health problems if ingested.
Q: What are some common mistakes to avoid when using a silver nitrate solution?
A: Some common mistakes to avoid when using a silver nitrate solution include:
- Incorrect concentration: Make sure to use the correct concentration of silver nitrate solution for the specific application.
- Incorrect handling: Make sure to handle the silver nitrate solution carefully to avoid contamination and skin irritation.
- Incorrect disposal: Make sure to dispose of the silver nitrate solution according to local regulations and guidelines.
Conclusion
In this article, we answered some frequently asked questions related to making a silver nitrate solution. We discussed the importance of calculating the molarity of a working solution, common mistakes to avoid when making a silver nitrate solution, and how to store and dispose of a silver nitrate solution. We also discussed the common applications of silver nitrate solutions and some common side effects of using a silver nitrate solution.
References
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A comprehensive reference book for chemistry and physics.
- Chemical Engineering Handbook: A reference book for chemical engineering.
- Journal of Chemical Education: A peer-reviewed journal for chemical education.
Code
def calculate_molarity():
# Define variables
molarity_stock_solution = 0.759 # M
volume_stock_solution = 0.15 # L
number_of_moles = molarity_stock_solution * volume_stock_solution
volume_working_solution = 0.26 # L
molarity_working_solution = number_of_moles / volume_working_solution
return molarity_working_solution
molarity_working_solution = calculate_molarity()
print(molarity_working_solution)
This code calculates the molarity of the working solution using the formula:
It first determines the number of moles of silver nitrate in the stock solution and then calculates the molarity of the working solution using the number of moles and the volume of the working solution.