39 Token Clone - SetupActionBar()

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Description of the Clone

A 39 token clone is identified in the provided code, where the method setupActionBar() is duplicated in two files: SettingsActivity.java and VoiceAnnouncementsSettingsActivity.java. This duplicated code handles the action bar displayed on the application.

Location of the Clones

The duplicated code is located at the following positions:

  • Starting at line 235 of /Users/work/Documents/GitHub/FitoTrackW25-Group2-SOEN-6431_2025/app/src/main/java/de/tadris/fitness/activity/SettingsActivity.java
  • Starting at line 85 of /Users/work/Documents/GitHub/FitoTrackW25-Group2-SOEN-6431_2025/app/src/main/java/de/tadris/fitness/activity/VoiceAnnouncementsSettingsActivity.java

Type of Clone

This is a type #1 clone, where the same code is duplicated in multiple files.

Expected Outcome

The expected outcome of this refactoring is to move the setupActionBar() method to the parent class for both files, eliminating the duplicated code and improving code maintainability and reusability.

Code Before Refactoring

The code before refactoring is as follows:

/**
 * Show a {@link android.app.AlertDialog} dialog.
 */
private void showAlertDialog() {
    AlertDialog.Builder d = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    d.setTitle("Alert");
    d.setMessage("This is an alert dialog.");
    d.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // Do nothing
        }
    });
    d.create().show();
}

/**
 * Set up the {@link android.app.ActionBar}, if the API is available.
 */
private void setupActionBar() {
    ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
    if (actionBar != null) {
        // Show the Up button in the action bar.
        actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
    }
}

Code After Refactoring

The code after refactoring is as follows:

/**
 * Show a {@link android.app.AlertDialog} dialog.
 */
private void showAlertDialog() {
    AlertDialog.Builder d = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    d.setTitle("Alert");
    d.setMessage("This is an alert dialog.");
    d.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            // Do nothing
        }
    });
    d.create().show();
}

/**
 * Set up the {@link android.app.ActionBar}, if the API is available.
 */
public void setupActionBar() {
    ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
    if (actionBar != null) {
        // Show the Up button in the action bar.
        actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
    }
}

Refactoring Steps

To refactor the code, follow these steps:

  1. Identify the duplicated code: In this case, the setupActionBar() method is duplicated in two files.
  2. Create a parent class: Create a parent class that contains the duplicated code.
  3. Move the duplicated code to the parent class: Move the setupActionBar() method to the parent class.
  4. Update the child classes: Update the child classes to extend the parent class and call the setupActionBar() method from the parent class.

Benefits of Refactoring

Refactoring the code has several benefits, including:

  • Improved code maintainability: By moving the duplicated code to a parent class, the code becomes easier to maintain and update.
  • Improved code reusability: The parent class can be reused in other child classes, reducing code duplication.
  • Improved code readability: The code becomes easier to read and understand, as the duplicated code is eliminated.

Conclusion

Q: What is a 39 token clone?

A: A 39 token clone is a type of code duplication where a block of code, in this case, the setupActionBar() method, is duplicated in multiple files. The term "39 token" refers to the number of tokens (i.e., keywords, identifiers, and symbols) in the duplicated code.

Q: Why is code duplication a problem?

A: Code duplication is a problem because it leads to:

  • Maintenance issues: When code is duplicated, changes to the code must be made in multiple places, increasing the risk of errors and inconsistencies.
  • Reusability issues: Duplicated code cannot be reused in other parts of the application, reducing code reusability and increasing code duplication.
  • Readability issues: Duplicated code makes the codebase harder to read and understand, as the same code is repeated multiple times.

Q: What are the benefits of refactoring duplicated code?

A: Refactoring duplicated code has several benefits, including:

  • Improved code maintainability: By eliminating duplicated code, the codebase becomes easier to maintain and update.
  • Improved code reusability: Refactored code can be reused in other parts of the application, reducing code duplication.
  • Improved code readability: Refactored code is easier to read and understand, as the duplicated code is eliminated.

Q: How do I identify duplicated code?

A: To identify duplicated code, use a code analysis tool or manually review the codebase. Look for blocks of code that are identical or nearly identical in multiple files.

Q: What are the steps to refactor duplicated code?

A: To refactor duplicated code, follow these steps:

  1. Identify the duplicated code: Use a code analysis tool or manually review the codebase to identify the duplicated code.
  2. Create a parent class: Create a parent class that contains the duplicated code.
  3. Move the duplicated code to the parent class: Move the duplicated code to the parent class.
  4. Update the child classes: Update the child classes to extend the parent class and call the refactored code from the parent class.

Q: What are the best practices for avoiding code duplication?

A: To avoid code duplication, follow these best practices:

  • Use inheritance: Use inheritance to create a parent class that contains shared code.
  • Use composition: Use composition to create a parent class that contains shared code.
  • Use interfaces: Use interfaces to define a contract that must be implemented by child classes.
  • Use code analysis tools: Use code analysis tools to identify duplicated code and refactor it.

Q: What are the tools available for refactoring duplicated code?

A: There are several tools available for refactoring duplicated code, including:

  • Eclipse: Eclipse has a built-in refactoring tool that can identify and refactor duplicated code.
  • IntelliJ IDEA: IntelliJ IDEA has a built-in refactoring tool that can identify and refactor duplicated code.
  • Resharper: Resharper is a code analysis tool that can identify and refactor duplicated code.
  • SonarQube: SonarQube is a code analysis tool that can identify and refactor duplicated code.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the 39 token clone identified in the provided code can be refactored by moving the setupActionBar() method to a parent class. This refactoring improves code maintainability, reusability, and readability, making the code easier to maintain and update. By following the best practices for avoiding code duplication and using code analysis tools, developers can identify and refactor duplicated code, improving the overall quality of the codebase.